Your code
glmer(bull~p1+p2+p3+p4+p5+(i1+i2+i3+i4+i5+i6-1|school),data=bull, family=binomial)
fits the binary logistic random effects model:
$$ \log \left( \frac{p_{ij}}{1-p_{ij}} \right) = \beta_0 + \sum_{k=1}^{5} \beta_k x_{ijk} + \sum_{t=1}^{6} \eta_{jt} I_{t} $$
where
- $p_{ij}$ is the probability that subject $i$ in cluster $j$ responds with a '$1$', conditional on the covariates and random effects.
- $x_{ijk}$ is the value of covariate $k$ for subject $i$ in cluster $j$ (according to your code there are $5$ covariates).
- $\beta_0, ..., \beta_5$ are fixed effects regression coefficients
- $\eta_{jt}$ is the cluster $j$ random effect for year $t$
- $I_t$ is $1$ if the observation was taken in year $t$ and 0 otherwise (according to your code there are $6$ years)
We can see that the distribution of an observation taken in year $t$ is described by the model
$$\log \left( \frac{p_{ij}}{1-p_{ij}} \right)= \beta_0 + \sum_{k=1}^{5} \beta_k x_{ijk} + \eta_{jt} $$
Let $\sigma^{2}_{t} = {\rm var}(\eta_{jt})$ be the random effect variance for year $t$. Since this model allows that random effect variance to change over time, as indicated by the subscript $t$, the level of similarity between responses within the same cluster is also allowed to change over time. As I discussed in this answer, the value
$$ P_{t} = \frac{ \sigma^{2}_{t} }{ \sigma^{2}_{t} + \pi^2/3} $$
is a measure of the how similar individuals sharing a cluster are, in terms of their responses, at year $t$.
Your model produces estimates, $\hat \sigma^{2}_{t}$, of the random effect variances - which you can use to calculate
$$ \hat P_{t} = \frac{ \hat \sigma^{2}_{t} }{ \hat \sigma^{2}_{t} + \pi^2/3} $$
Plotting $\hat P_t$ vs. $t$ will give you an idea whether the (linear) dependencies are increasing, decreasing, remaining constant, etc. over time, which is gets directly to your question of how to interpret the output of this model.
If you're interested in testing for statistical significance of these changes over time you can compare the model fit above with the model
$$ \log \left( \frac{p_{ij}}{1-p_{ij}} \right) = \beta_0 + \sum_{k=1}^{5} \beta_k x_{ijk} + \eta_j $$
which does not allow the within-cluster dependency to change over time. These can be compared using the Likelihood Ratio Test, where, under the null hypothesis that there is no change over time, twice the difference in the log-likelihoods of the two models will have a $\chi^2$ distribution with $5$ degrees of freedom (since you've deleted $5$ parameters to arrive at the smaller model). As long as $\sigma^{2}_{t}$ doesn't equal 0 for all $t$, and you're fitting this model with glmer (and thus the model is fit by maximum likelihood), this test should be fine to use here.
