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Must there be “an effect to be mediated” in mediational analysis (i.e., must IVs & DVs be correlated)?

Baron and Kenny outlined several steps to aid in determining if a mediational analysis is appropriate to test a particular hypothesis. The very first step was "Show that the initial [independent] ...
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Inductive vs deductive Inference

I am curious to know exactly, what are the (possible) differences between inductive and deductive statistical inferences in applied statistics. Suggestions for some good resources to learn their ...