Questions tagged [exact-test]
Statistical tests where the sampling distribution is necessarily exactly correct & not an approximation based on assumptions &/or large sample theory.
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Are there exact conditional tests for testing system of inequalities of Bernoulli means?
I have two independent Bernoulli samples: $\{X_i\}_{i=1}^{n_1}$, $\{Y_i\}_{i=1}^{n_2}$, $X_i \overset{iid}{\sim} Bern(p_1), Y_i \overset{iid}{\sim} Bern(p_2)$. I need to test:
$$H_0: p_1 \ge p_2 \ge 1/...
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Performing "exact" G-tests in R with contingency table samples using `r2dtable` [closed]
I am interested in performing the "exact" versions of G-tests of independence in R with nonparametric table enumeration after having been told that this could help with achieving more ...
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Small-sample binary logit and linear models - response to referees [closed]
Background: This is a cross-sectional study that collected 30 thrombosis samples.
We assessed the presence or absence of MP components (dependent variable), with 24 cases having MP (1) and 6 cases ...
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What is the information in an exact p-value?
Consider the following two statistical principles: 1) an exact test's $p$-value gives the exact frequency with which the observed random sample appears by chance, i.e., under a true null hypothesis; ...
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What kind of logrank test is performed by survdiff function in R?
Information added: this question is not duplicate, neither my question nor the question in the link had been solved at all, I added more info to see if you can see the problem
I was trying to ...
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Can probabilistic (e.g., Fisher, Shannon) and non-probabilistic (e.g., Hartley, Kolmogorov) information types be jointly useful?
Suppose you draw a random sample from a probability distribution, with the objective of gaining information about a parameter of that distribution. The inferential usefulness of the probabilistic ...
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Performing exact tests for small samples
Let $\mathcal{X}$ be a finite set (it has, let's say, ten elements), and $p$ a probability on $\mathcal{X}$. Let $n$ be an integer, that we assume to be small (let's say, $n=10$).
Given an $n$-tuple $\...
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The shortest confidence interval (in the sense of expectation) for two sample t test when variances are unknown and unequal
I have had a question since graduate school. For a given significance level alpha, the test with smallest confidence interval length expectation should be optimal, because it usually also means a ...
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Exact/Approximate Confidence Interval of Parameter Ratio from two Samples of iid Exponential
Suppose 2 independent samples $X_1,...,X_n \sim Exp(\lambda_1)$ and $Y_1,...,Y_m \sim Exp(\lambda_2)$, and are iid within samples.
I am thinking about how to make an exact confidence interval for $\...
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Are exact logistic regression and conditional logistic regression the same?
I have seen these two terms in practice. Are they actually referring to the same method? If not, what is the main difference between the two methods?
Conditional logistic regression is commonly used ...
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Do poisson regression and exact poisson regression only differ in confidence interval?
The point estimates from the two approaches are the same, right?
I plan to use exact Poisson regression for a study, since the events could be sparse after adjusting for a few covariates.
Is there ...
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What are approximate algorithms in hypothesis testing?
I am reading up 'exact test' from Wikipedia, where it says:
when the result of statistical analysis is said to be an “exact test” or an “exact p-value”, it implies that the test is defined without ...
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McNemar exact DP test not running in R [closed]
I am unable to run the provided example (copy/pasted from here):
...
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exact binomial test with power calculation that excludes the lower limit of a 95% CI
In a regulatory document I see the following statement and wonder how the sample size of 141 subjects is calculated:
A sample size of 141 subjects provides 80% power to exclude a response rate of 12% ...
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Which of the 3 given exact methods of calculating the confidence interval for median is better (correct)?
I want to calculate CI for the median in R. I found a number of packages and functions doing that and noticed something interesting. I think the problem can be generalized to any statistical software. ...
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Single sample t-test variance assumptions for non-normal data
So I understand that a key assumption behind the single sample t-test is that the sample mean is normally distributed. This is true when the data themselves are normally distributed, and it is ...
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Paired vs independent t-test for A/B test with underlying trends
There is a metric which has a natural cyclic pattern. We want to measure the effect on this metric through a A/B test.
Examples:
Metric is daily revenue of ice-cream trucks which is low during ...
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Can exact tests compare groups from case-cohort studies?
I have reviewed several helpful threads most related to my question and many thanks to the authors. The first thread suggests odds ratio is valid for cohort studies, but risk ratios or hazard ratios ...
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Check if multiple percentage are significant
I have 3 measurements of a very skew distribution, depending on three different technique. In general, I can do thousands of test and the result is either "fail" or "success", being the "fail" far ...
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Exact distribution of number of transitions in a binary vector of length $n$
I am trying to derive an analytic solution for the exact distribution of the number of transitions in a binary vector of length $n$ conditional on the observed number of $1$'s and $0$'s and under the ...
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Confidence interval for quantiles: distribution-free, asymptotic and assuming a normal distribution
An acquaintance of mine has been using this wrong inference formula for years: given
a i.i.d. sample $\mathbf{X}={X_1,\dots,X_N}$ for a continuous RV $X$,
sample mean $\bar{X}=\frac{\sum X_i}{N}$ and ...
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Examples for exact tests which are not permutation tests
Wikipedia states (without citation):
Sometimes permutation test is used as a synonym for exact test, but although all permutation tests are exact tests, not all exact tests are permutation tests.
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Number of all sample divisions in permutation test
I have a question with regard to the number of permutations in a
permutation test. Assume I want to do a two group independent t-test.
In the permutation variant of the t-test, I would repeatedly ...
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How does Normal approximation work when ties exist for Wilcoxon Signed rank test?
I ran wilcox.test() in R (outcome variable was a test score and the data was paired samples) and got a warning message saying that it cannot generate a p-value for tied values. I saw the R document ...
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How to perform an exact test of Chi-square for a single-dimension data in R?
I have a data frame like this:
> fr.t.r
A B C D E
Freq 13 3 0 0 0
and I would like to do a Chi-square test to find out if the ...
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How IBM SPSS calculates exact p value for Pearson Chi-Square statistic?
Usually, I use Fisher's exact test p value when the sample size is small for Pearson chi-square test. Then I realized that IBM SPSS reports exact p values for all the tests (i.e. Pearson Chi-Square, ...
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when an exact binomial confidence interval should be used?
Is exact binomial confidence interval only appropriate for extremely rare events or extremely frequent events? If so, what are the rule of thumb for the definitions of extremely rare (<0.01?) And ...
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Exact MCMC Logistic Regression Output
I am having trouble interpreting the output of an MCMC Logistic Regression run using R from the MCMCpack. Unfortunately I have had very little luck in finding sources on the web.
I am assuming that ...
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LRT and $\text{Uniform}(0, \theta)$
We have one observation of variable $X$ that is distributed uniformly on $[0, \theta]$. Null hypothesis is $H_0 \colon \theta = 1$ and alternative hypothesis is $H_1 \colon \theta = 2$.
What is the ...
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Drawing conclusions of several inferences with the same data in one study
In a sample size of 100, we identified the existence of two attributes A and B.
Our goal is to assess whether there is any ...
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Barnard's exact tests - papers?
I am currently writing some essay for the university in which I should give a quick overview over exact methods for independence testing on contingency tables, after writing down the stuff for Fisher'...
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Boschloo's exact test
I have following data in R:
d1 <- matrix(c(24,2,63,11),2,2,
dimnames=list(X=c("present", "absent"),Y=c("present", "absent")))
I want to test ...
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z-test for one population proportion hypothesis with a small sample size
I have asked a "yes/no" question to a small group of people (n = 22). From the 22, 14 answered "yes" and 8 answered "no". I'd like to find out, with 90% confidence, if the majority of my population (> ...
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Sample size determination for comparing two independent samples with regards to several continuous variables
I am interested in calculating the required sample size to perform several statistical tests on the same sample.
More precisely, this is the situation:
There are two groups of individuals, A and B, ...
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Exact Null Distribution with Ties
I am interested in deriving exact null distributions for small-sample test statistics with non-trivial ties. Not fundamentally continuous variables that happen to have a few repeated values, but ...
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pre-post testing: paired nominal data with more than 2 categories
I have two groups of students who answered a question on the pre-survey about their savings behavior, i.e. choose one answer a/b/c/e/d/f: (a) Save the same amount each week, (b) Save varied amount ...
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how we do student T-Test?
In my data water is control and gibberellin is positive control. We want do find the activity of steviol against water and gibberellin. How we do student T-Test?. My data of height of plant in cm is ...
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Covariates in a case control study
I am doing a retrospective analysis on a study has has cases and controls. I am looking to see if there is an association with death, using exact logistic regression. I am confused on whether I need ...
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Threshold for and Variations of Exact logistic regression
According to this UCLA tutorial exact logistic regression (elrm::elrm in R) should be prefered to the logistic regression ...
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Exact multinomial goodness-of-fit test as a normality test
We have a practical real-life problem in an open source Linux related project. And I would like to hear an expert review/opinion about the way we are trying to solve this problem. It's been more than ...
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How do you know if your confidence interval is exact or approximate?
I would like to know the rules between the two, and know how you know the differences.
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What is the minimum sample size for an exact binomial test of goodness of fit (two-tailed)?
I am doing a two tailed exact binomial goodness of fit test, see, e.g., here. I am looking for something similar as for Chi-square tests, which, as a rule of thumb, require a frequency of 5 for each ...
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Exact test for m x n contingency table conditional (i.e. fixed by design) on one margin
I have a $m \times n$ contingency table (with $m, n > 2)$ . The experiment yields ~15% cells with expected frequencies lower 5 and also zero counts in the empirical data. The prerequisite for the ...
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Test of strict difference in independent binomial probabilities
Suppose $X,Y$ are two independent binomial random variables with parameters $n_1,p_1$ and $n_2,p_2$ respectively. Suppose one wanted to test the hypothesis $p_1>p_2$. Conditional on $X+Y=s$, ...
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Non-parametric, repeated measures two-sample test with small sample size
My data consists in two samples relative to the expression of a given gene, with 4 replications in both samples.
I am interested in testing whether the two samples come from the same population, ...
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Questions about non-standard test statistic for difference of two population proportions
Background
I'm considering the number of observed 'successes' $x_1$ and $x_2$ from $n_1$ and $n_2$ independent trials respectively. These counts can be considered realisations of random variables $...
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Test to distinguish periodic from almost periodic data
Suppose I have some unknown function $f$ with domain $ℝ$, which I know to fulfill some reasonable conditions like continuity. I know the exact values of $f$ (because the data comes from a simulation) ...
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An exact paired perm.test is returning a p-value of 0 for large sample sizes
I'm trying to find the p-value from an exact paired permutation test. For small samples it works fine:
...
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Proper analyses for 2x2 contingency tables
So I have multiple questions about the different types of analyses that can be used on a 2x2 contingency table and when different analyses should be used.
To open, I'll note that this stems from my ...
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