# Tags

A tag is a keyword or label that categorizes your question with other, similar questions. Using the right tags makes it easier for others to find and answer your question.

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 heteroscedasticity× 145 Refers to the property of a random process to have non-constant variance along some continuum. This most commonly presents in regression where the error variance increases as a function of one or more… sample× 145 a subset of a population. Statistics, in general, is concerned with using samples to make inference about the parameters governing a larger (possibly infinite) population. random-generation× 143 The act of generating a sequence of numbers or symbols randomly, or (more often) pseudo-randomly; i.e., with lack of any predictability or pattern. proportion× 142 the fraction of some total that is of a particular kind, either (i) as a count of one type of thing out of a total count, or (ii) as a component of a continuous variable. terminology× 139 Indicates questions asking about the use and meaning of specific technical words/concepts in statistics. multicollinearity× 139 Multicollinearity means predictor variables are correlated with each other, making it harder to determine the role each of the correlated variables is playing. Mathematically, it means the standard er… assumptions× 135 Refers to the conditions under which a statistics procedure yields valid estimates and/or inference. Many statistical techniques require the assumption that the data are randomly sampled in some way. … reliability× 135 said to have a high reliability if it produces similar results under consistent conditions. DO NOT confuse reliability with validity (see tag wiki). sem× 132 structural equation modeling, a multivariate technique popular in social sciences. It is based on formulating a set of linear relations between variables, some of which may be latent, and estimating t… ancova× 132 Analysis of Covariance. excel× 131 a commercial spreadsheet program created by Microsoft. aic× 130 AIC stands for the Akaike Information Criterion, which is one technique used to select the best model from a class of models using a penalized likelihood. A smaller AIC implies a better model. meta-analysis× 129 Meta-analysis refers to methods focused on contrasting and combining results from different studies, in the hope of identifying patterns among study results, sources of disagreement among those result… binary-data× 126 In broader sense - synonym of "dichotomous data": any data that can take on only one of two values. In narrower sense - dichotomous data coded as 1 or 0; besides, sometimes "1" is supposed to mean "is… power-analysis× 126 An inquiry into the quality of a statistical test by calculating the power - the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis given that it is false - under certain circumstances. Power analysis is of… summary-statistics× 126 A brief numerical description of a set of data. effect-size× 125 "a measure of the strength of a phenomenon or a sample-based estimate of that quantity" [Wikipedia]. k-means× 125 a family of cluster analysis methods in which you specify the number of clusters you expect. This is as opposed to hierarchical cluster analysis methods. psychometrics× 124 Psychometrics has evolved as a subfield of psychology to become the science of measurement of unobservable individual characteristics. normality× 124 Refers to the normal distribution, the Gaussian continuous probability distribution. scales× 124 logit× 122 A name given to the log-odds function, which maps probabilities to the real line. dimensionality-reduction× 121 Dimensionality reduction refers to techniques for reducing many variables into a smaller number while keeping as much information as possible. One prominent method is [tag pca] count-data× 118 non-negative integers representing whole amounts. When such data are the dependent variable in a regression, Poisson or negative binomial regression may be appropriate methods. One comm… fitting× 118 model× 117 a formalization of relationships between variables in the form of mathematical equations. The model is statistical as the variables are not deterministically but stochastically … curve-fitting× 116 roc× 115 Receiver Operating Characteristic, also known as ROC curve. robust× 114 r-squared× 114 In linear regression, the coefficient of determination, usually symbolized by $R^2$, is the proportion of the total response variance explained by the regression model. hmm× 114 used for modelling systems that are assumed to be Markov processes with hidden (i.e. unobserved) states. histogram× 113 a graphical representation of the frequencies of a continuous variable. The variable is divided into bins and a bar is drawn for each bin, proportional to its frequency in the data. prior× 113 In Bayesian statistics a prior distribution formalizes information or knowledge (often subjective), available before a sample is seen, in the form of a probability distribution. A distribution with la… software× 112 related to STATISTICS, MACHINE LEARNING, or DATA ANALYSIS and is not solely about programming, support, or bugs. Include additional tags referring to the statistical issues … computational-statistics× 111 Refers to the interface of statistics and computing; the use of algorithms and software for statistical purposes. discrete-data× 110 Refers to data generated from a distribution that has a countable sample space. Discrete data may be nominal (e.g. the distribution of race in a sample of individuals) or ordinal (e.g. the number of e…