I've got an extremely limited understanding of statistics, and every explanation I've found uses further technical terms that I don't understand.

  I'm trying to figure out:

1. What exactly is posterior probability
2. What exactly is a p-value (my understanding of this is that if your p-value is beneath your cut off then it suggests that your observation was not by chance, and the smaller your p-value is, the less it might be the case that it was chance. But I don't actually know what a p-value is)
3. Are they interchangeable? What would be the difference between using one or the other? Are they suited to different things specifically?

Apologies for asking such a basic question, I'm really confused and no amount of basic explanations are actually basic enough.

I've got an extremely limited understanding of statistics, and every explanation I've found uses further technical terms that I don't understand. I'm trying to figure out:

1. What exactly is posterior probability
2. What exactly is a p-value (my understanding of this is that if your p-value is beneath your cut off then it suggests that your observation was not by chance, and the smaller your p-value is, the less it might be the case that it was chance. But I don't actually know what a p-value is)
3. Are they interchangeable? What would be the difference between using one or the other? Are they suited to different things specifically?

Apologies for asking such a basic question, I'm really confused and no amount of basic explanations are actually basic enough.