Textbooks pertaining to creating models? I'm not sure if a question like this has been asked yet on this website.
I recently graduated as an undergraduate statistics major with a bit of a dense math background (I know some probability theory and stochastic calculus and took two semesters of real analysis and abstract algebra). I'm a bit disappointed, since despite all of the theory I have learned, I don't have too much background in terms of applying what I've learned.
The only experience I have with applications is an introductory-level econometrics course, which strangely enough was not required for the statistics major (I took it back when I was still an actuarial major). I found that class to be a bore with the lack of mathematical rigor in it, and I asked the professor for a proof of the Gauss-Markov Theorem while I took the course. 
For someone with my mathematical background, what would you recommend as mathematically-oriented textbooks for learning about econometrics and issues that come with creating models (multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, serial correlation, etc.)?
(If my question is vaguely worded, let me know, and I can edit it to be more specific.)
 A: With your background I would look to
" The Elements of Statistical Learning " (Springer) by 
Hastie, Trevor, Tibshirani, Robert, Friedman, Jerome.  
Another good book is 
A. C. Davison: "Statistical Models"  (Cambridge)
But, the one book you REALY, REALLY should study is this one:
David A. Freedman:  "Statistical Models. Theory and Practice. Revised Edition." (Cambridge)  From the foreword by some friends: "Some books are correct. Some are clear. Some are useful. Some are
entertaining. Few are even two of these. This book is all four. Statistical
Models: Theory and Practice is lucid, candid and insightful, a joy to read.
We are fortunate that David Freedman finished this new edition before his
death in late 2008. We are deeply saddened by his passing, and we greatly
admire the energy and cheer he brought to this volume—and many other
projects—during his final months.   "
This book is low on mathematics (which does NOT mean "easy"), but high on the conceptual side, and not only presents models, but critizes them too. You will love it!
A: If you want a mixture of application and rigor, I would recommend the two Wooldridge books. One book is a graduate-level text, and the other is aimed at undergraduate students. I would try the first one given your background. There are proofs, but there are also empirical examples, with the datasets readily available. The focus is mainly on cross sectional and panel data topics, though everything you mention is covered. 
A: If you are looking for Time Series in finance, here is a great book :

Tsay, R. S. (2010) Analysis of Financial Time Series. Third Edition. New York: Wiley.

A: I just finished a data mining class at University and we used "Data Mining for Business Intelligence Concepts, Techniques, and Applications in Microsoft Office Excel With Xlminer" By Shmueli, Patel, and Bruce. The professor also had readings in the Hastie, Tbshirani, and Friedman which can be found here . These gave a pretty good introduction and it was a pretty mathematically rigorous class. 
A: If you're interested in learning about different econometric methodologies (how to go about creating models and dealing with issues encountered) then I'd recommend the following books:


*

*Modelling Economic Series: Readings in Econometric Methodology
(Advanced Texts in Econometrics) by C. W. J. Granger.

*Modelling Nonlinear Economic Time Series (Advanced Texts in
Econometrics) by Timo Terasvirta, Dag Tjostheim, Clive W. J. Granger.

*Dynamic Econometrics (Advanced Texts in Econometrics) by David F. Hendry.

*Statistical Foundations of Econometric Modelling by Aris Spanos.

*Specification Searches: Ad Hoc Inference with Nonexperimental Data by Edward E. Leamer.

*Forecasting, Structural Time Series Models and the Kalman Filter by Andrew C. Harvey.


For a history of the evolution of econometrics, see: 


*

*The Foundations of Econometric Analysis (Econometric Society
Monographs) by David F. Hendry, Mary S. Morgan.


There's a good deal of math and notation to get through in these books. (Unfortunately, a unified notation is not really used in the field.)
I'd suggest starting with the first book on the list, which is a collection of papers, because it will give an introduction and overview of issues in econometric methodology. Indeed, it will help put the material in the other books into context and makes things more digestible. 
If you'd like a shorter read, you can get a taste of the econometric methodology literature by checking out a recent article by Ray C Fair: Reflections on Macroeconometric Modeling
For more recommendations, check out the references listed in each of the aforementioned books. There's tonnes of (exciting) stuff for you to get your teeth through.
A: It has been three years since I wrote the question above.
Here are some additional suggestions I can make:


*

*Data Analysis Using Regression and Multilevel/Hierarchical Models by Gelman and Hill (note: I believe this text will be updated into two texts within the next few years. Follow Gelman's blog for further details.)

*Regression Modeling Strategies by Harrell is a must-have.

A: I liked the book "The practise of Business Statistics" as a good verbose introduction to the application of creating models with some real world data with real world problems. The mathematics in the book is probably elementary for your calibre/background, but I would still recommend it. Here is good list of books which deal with the application of modelling to more real world problems and applications. HTH
