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Should the n for sample size be capitalized? Is there a difference between n and N?

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There is actually a difference in some textbooks: $N$ generally means population size and $n$ sample size.

However, this is not always the case. You should check in your textbook.

:)

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In terms of ANOVA small n (usually subscripted) could mean the sample size of a particular group while capital N might mean the total sample size. It depends on context.

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small letter n refers to the sample size whilst the capital letter N refers to the the population size of the test

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    $\begingroup$ (for finite population methods) $\endgroup$
    – AdamO
    Commented Jun 9, 2021 at 21:01

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