normalization effect on polynomial regression I need to know why input normalization has no effect on polynomial regression. Here there is a good explanation proving that column normalization does not affect linear regression. But I need to know if it's the the same about Polynomial as well.
p.s. By normalizing I mean, for example, dividing the numbers by maximum in each column.
Thanks in advance,
 A: Polynomial (least squares) regression of data $\newcommand{\y}{\mathrm{y}}\y$ (thought of as an $n$-vector $(y_i)$) against a variable $\newcommand{\x}{\mathrm{x}}\x$ (also an $n$-vector ($x_i)$) uses the variables $\mathrm {1} = \x^0$ (a constant $n$-vector), $\x = \x^1$, $\x^2 = (x_i^2)$, ... and $\x^d = (x_i^d)$.  The fit $\hat \y$ is the projection of $\y$ onto the linear subspace $E$ spanned by these $d+1$ variables.
Suppose now that $\x$ is "normalized" by means of some affine transformation
$$\x^\prime = \alpha \x + \beta.$$
If we recompute the powers of the components $\x^\prime$ we find (after expanding them) that
$$x_i^{\prime k} = (\alpha x_i + \beta)^k = \sum_{j=0}^k c(k,j,\alpha,\beta)x_i^j$$
for some set of numbers $c(k,j,\alpha,\beta)$ (whose values we could write down explicitly, but the details do not matter).  This exhibits every vector $(x_i^{\prime k})$ as a linear combination of the $x^j$, with $j$ varying from $0$ through nothing larger than $k$.  Moreover, provided $\alpha \ne 0$ we can invert this process by noting 
$$\x = \frac{1}{\alpha} \x^\prime - \frac{\beta}{\alpha}$$
and similarly expanding the powers of $\x$ in terms of powers of $\x^\prime$.  Therefore the subspace spanned by $\x^\prime$ and its powers through degree $d$ is the same subspace $E$ as that spanned by $\x$ and its powers through degree $d$.  Consequently the normalization does not change the geometric description, whence the fit with both models is identical, QED.

This argument generalizes, with essentially no change, to the cases where there may be more than one variable (expanded into a multivariate polynomial) as well as other non-polynomial covariates included in the model.
