What is the terminology for data aggregated via summed totals versus data aggregated via means? The two types of data differ in that if you decide to decrease the temporal (time) resolution of the first type of data you take the mean of lower the resolutions. With the second you take the sum over the lower resolutions. Here is a concrete example
Gas Used (kWh), Outside Air Temperature (C), Time Resolution (Minutes)
100, 20, 20
140, 22, 20
120, 21, 20

Here the hourly (60 Minute) resolution data is clearly
360, 21, 60

and is found by averaging the temperature and summing up the gas used.
What I really wish to know is what the names for each of these types of data are called. I understand that this question is not the best but it is hard to ask a question about something whose names you do not know. If you have a better way of articulating the question then please go ahead and edit it.
 A: Properties that are physically additive are called extensive. Mass is extensive, as when you add (literally!) weights to a balance. 
A feature of extensive properties is that totals make sense. In your example, gas used, measured in kWh, is one instance. 
The word physically is not meant restrictively here. My income in April and my income in May can be added, as can my expenditures. Both are extensive properties. So, there are other non-physical situations in which addition makes sense. 
If totals make sense, then means make sense too. Whether they are the measures you want to use, however, depends on your purpose. 
Otherwise properties that are not physically additive are called intensive. Temperature is intensive. If you mix bodies, the resulting temperature is some kind of weighted mean, and certainly not the total. 
This Wikipedia article says much more from a physical science point of view. 
One source emphasising the importance of this distinction in statistical science is Cox, D.R. and Snell, E.J. 1981. Applied statistics: principles and examples. London: Chapman and Hall. See p.14. (They use the term non-extensive, which I do not find attractive.) 
A: In database applications/data warehouse/BI it is common to refer to additive measures 
additive example: money
semi-additive: balance (can aggregate across eg departments but not time)
non-additive: ratios (eg growth rate etc)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34295293/whats-the-difference-between-additive-semi-additive-and-non-additive-measures 
http://www.kimballgroup.com/data-warehouse-business-intelligence-resources/kimball-techniques/dimensional-modeling-techniques/additive-semi-additive-non-additive-fact/
