What are data visualization types that are exclusive for scientific fields? I know this question might be a long shot here, but what types of data visualization and charts/graphs are exclusive for use in scientific fields as opposed to any other discipline like business and finance?
 A: While some graphs are more common in science than in business, I don't think there are any that are used exclusively by scientists.  The closest would probably be some highly specialized graph that is used almost exclusively by scientists in a particular specialty. However, even these might be used by businesses in the same industry.
For example, here is a chart used to map the temperature of the sun.  This is probably used almost exclusively by people in that field.  But I would not bet that some business somewhere doesn't use it.
Graphs ought to be chosen to represent the data and the model and so on, and are not specific to fields. 
A: I have not seen most common charts from spectroscopy in business and finance. For instance, the following two plots are quite common in the field:


I think the reason why are these plots do not show up in other fields is because there are no sharp lines in economics or business. If you measures the spectra of an atom its lines don't move day to day or ever. Natrium line is going to be there no matter how many times you measure in which lab, as long as you got you experiment set up properly. In contrast depending on how you "measure" natural rate of unemployment it'll be a different number every time you look at it, because it's a bogus concept unmeasurable concept, much like "positive energy".
Also, I haven;t seen Feynmann diagrams in business. There were attempts in the fringes of econophysics to apply quantum mechanics to finance, but they're mostly amusing that useful.

Neither did I see the bubble chamber scattering diagrams like this little pion:

A: I understand Western Blots to be ubiquitous in biology, but I've never seen anything like it in finance.
You don't run bonds out on a gel to measure the face value of the bond. :P
