# Can a repeated measures-design be non-temporal in nature?

Whenever I read about repeated measures or within-subjects design in different books and on webpages, the example that always is brought up is some kind of longitudinal or repeated measures design (e.g. people are measured on the same scale several times during the day). For my experiment, I have showed people a number of different pictures in random order, and then grouped these pictures into different categories. Is this an example of a repeated measures or within-subjects design, that is, can I use a repeated measures (within-subjects) ANOVA on my data (given that it satisfies all the basic assumptions)?

• You appear to have TWO forms of dependence here: By person and by category. So you probably need a multilevel model to account for both – Peter Flom - Reinstate Monica Mar 3 '12 at 15:36

• @Spledosa, With regards to SDT in mixed effects models, see springerlink.com/content/71p13107473qh842, which explains that if you have a mixed effects model with response as the DV, effects that interact with reality as a IV reflect effects on d' whereas effects that do not involve reality reflect effects on criterion. – Mike Lawrence Mar 5 '12 at 12:07