What statistical significance test should I use? (Monty Hall Problem) I've been scratching my head over it, but as a mere high school student I can't seem to figure it out.
As a big school project I've been doing research after the Monty Hall Problem. I'm trying to figure out whether or not the number of doors in the problem influences the choice of the player (to switch or not to switch doors).
I've calculated that by avarage players chooce to switch 16.3% of the time. I did this by looking at the control groups mentioned in this paper. I took the average of the two control groups:
$$\frac{17 \times 35 + 16 \times 67}{35+67} \approx 16.3\%$$
Now my results return (in a test with 20 doors in stead of 3) a 29.3% ratio. (58 test subjects, 17 switchers, 41 non-switchers)
However, I don't know how to prove this result whether this result is significant or not, and I was hoping someone could explain me how.
 A: Your question cannot really be answered as you wrote it.  You cannot know if the number of doors impact switching rate because there are only two sets of doors, either the regular amount or your amount.  If you tested some people with 3, 7, 21 and 50, for example, then you could test the association between doors and rate.
What you can do is test if the two groups have a different rate.  The test you would do is Fisher's Exact Test.  In an ideal world, you would have randomized two groups to make sure.  It is possible that there were other properties to the groups that made for different results.  For example, you subjects may have spoken to each other or watched a movie with the Monte Hall problem in it.  There are movies with them.
The most you can answer is whether the two groups are different.  Wikipedia has a good article on how to calculate the Fisher Exact Test.  Your test could act as partial confirmation that the number of doors matter, but you should state your restrictions.
You chose an excellent problem.
