I suggest this video of Hugo Larochelle.
In a nutshell, autoregressive neural network are designed to predict some dimensions given a subset of other dimensions; for example in images, to predict one pixel given a subset of other pixels; for time series, to predict one time sample given a subset of time samples.
Note that for time series, some models do not restrict to the natural ordering of the dimensions, and are trained to predict one time sample given both past and future time samples.
Examples includes NADE, PixelCNN, PixelRNN, ...