Looking for a good online resource about survey design and analysis What is a good and relatively brief overview of good practice for getting valid results from surveys. 
I'm particularly interested in something about good survey design and analysis. 
 A: On the more qualitative side of things in survey methodology, see the books mentioned in https://blogs.rti.org/surveypost/2012/05/15/surveying-on-a-deserted-island-a-bakers-dozen-list-of-resources-to-take-along/. If you are totally new to sampling, Lohr (2009) is a more modern treatment covering additionally some of the aspects of survey data analysis, replicate variance estimation, and some practical aspects, as compared to the somewhat more formal classics mentioned by Michael Chernick.
Update: I posted the original answer in 2012. Since then, another good book came out: Valliant, Dever and Kreuter (2013). Practical Tools for Designing and Weighting Survey Samples (Amazon). This is a good practical book only to the extent that you know the basics, so my advice to learn from Lohr's book first still applies.
A: I recommend Cochran's Sampling Techniques.  It provides the fundamentals and is very clear. Leslie Kish's Survey Sampling is another classic that I can recommend. An advantage of going to amazon is that there are often many user generated book reviews there for the OP to look at. I personally have written a lot of reviews there.
I can think of nothing better than an amazon link for textbook because once you get to the site you have user and publisher reviews that you can read and amazon often provides look ins to the Table of Contents,Preface and excerpts to chapters. You are not going to get a link that will give you a free electronic copy of the book. Now reference articles that fit the bill might be possible to recommend but I think the book recommendations are better references in this case. Perhaps a brief monograph like one of the little green SAGE books would suit the OP but I like these books better.
A: Previous answers seem to have well addressed OP's question.  However, I will add, for the benefit of future readers, that Thomas Lumley has provided a wealth of information on "complex surveys", which can be loosely characterized as surveys with often thousands to tens of millions or more of observations (perhaps data larger than your machine's memory), often implementing complex sampling methods (e.g. National Health Interview Survey or Nationwide Inpatient Sample).
Lumley has contributed to "complex survey" analysis through his R package survey. See here for a list of presentations about the survey package, and here for a number of very good vignettes on using the survey package. 
