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How can I generate n random numbers from (a, b) interval such that these numbers are densely concentrated around min and max and getting progressively sparse in the middle.

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  • $\begingroup$ Could you define more precisely what do you mean by "densely concentrated around min and max and getting progressively sparse in the middle"? It can understood differently by different people. I guess beta distribution with parameters <1 can work for you, but this needs clarification. $\endgroup$
    – Tim
    Commented Mar 22, 2018 at 8:49
  • $\begingroup$ Welcome to Cross Validated. Some related questions have already been answered, e.g. stats.stackexchange.com/questions/324878/… try searching this site and if your question is more specific than the questions here please update which specific part you are asking about. $\endgroup$ Commented Mar 22, 2018 at 8:50

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Use a with both parameters equal and less than one. For instance:

shape1 <- 1/4
shape2 <- 1/4
set.seed(123)
hist(rbeta(1e4,shape1,shape2))

beta histogram

This will give you numbers between 0 and 1. Shift and scale these to match your desired $a$ and $b$.

The NIST Gallery of Distributions is often useful to find a distribution

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