On Elo++ updating rule I am not sure if this is the correct place to ask this kind of question, I hope it is. I am studying this paper on an improvement of Elo rating system called Elo++. On page 4 the author states that he want minimize a function called total loss that is
$$L=\sum_{i,j\in T}w_{i j}\left( \hat o_{i j}-o_{i j}\right)^2+\lambda\sum_{i\in D}\left(r_i-a_i\right)^2$$
where $r_i$ is the rank of the player that as to be estimated, $ \hat o_{i j}$ is the outcome of a game where player $r_i$ plays against player $r_j$, $a_i$ is the arithmetic average of the set $D$ of the player $r_j$ (the players  $r_j$ which have played against $r_i$), $o_{i j}$ is the predicted outcome that is a function of $r_i, r_j$.
The problem for me comes at page 5 where the author says that in order to minimize the total loss, he had used a stochastic gradient descent. The updating formula in the stochastic gradient descent is
$$ r_i \leftarrow r_i-\eta\left(w_{i j}\left(\hat o_{i j}-o_{i j}\right)\hat o_{i j}\left(1-\hat o_{i j}\right)+\frac{\lambda}{N_i} \left(r_i-a_i\right)\right) $$
How is this updating formula is related to the problem of minimizing the first condition?
 A: There is some disagreement between your notation and the notation in the paper. You disagree on whether $\hat o$ or $o$ is the predicted outcome or the observed outcome. I'll use the paper's notation.
In one step of the stochastic gradient descent, you compute a noisy estimate of the gradient of the loss function as the gradient of the loss attributed to one example,
$$L = w_{ij} (\hat o_{ij} - o_{ij})^2 + \frac \lambda N_i (r_i - a_i)^2. $$  
We want the partial derivative of this with respect to $r_i.$ By the chain rule,
$$\frac {\partial L}{\partial r_i} = 2 w_{ij}(\hat o_{ij} - o_{ij})( \frac{\partial}{\partial r_i} \hat o_{ij}) + 2 \frac \lambda N_i (r_i - a_i).$$
Here $\hat o_{ij}$ is a logistic function $\hat o_{ij} = P(-r_j+r_i+\gamma) = 1/(1 + \exp(r_j - r_i- \gamma))$. The logistic function $P(x)$ has the property that $P'(x) = P(x)(1-P(x)),$ which is easily checked by the chain rule. So, 
$$ \frac {\partial}{\partial r_i} \hat o_{ij} = \hat o_{ij}(1- \hat o_{ij})$$
$$\frac {\partial L}{\partial r_i} = 2 w_{ij}(\hat o_{ij} - o_{ij})( \hat o_{ij}(1- \hat o_{ij})) + 2 \frac \lambda N_i (r_i - a_i).$$
The factor of $2$ is absorbed into $\eta$ to give the update rule for $r_i$. For $r_j$, there is an extra factor of $-1$ from the chain rule applied to $P(-r_j+r_i+\gamma),$ so
$$ \frac {\partial}{\partial r_j} \hat o_{ij} = -\hat o_{ij}(1- \hat o_{ij}).$$
