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Randomization in clinical trials is a phenomena where each individual has equal chance to receive a treatment. How can you express randomization mathematically.

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  • $\begingroup$ If there are $M$ groups, then you can consider the groups as arising from a multinomial distribution. $\endgroup$
    – Demetri Pananos
    Dec 16, 2018 at 16:10
  • $\begingroup$ That would have to be a multinomial distribution in which all the $p_i$'s are equal. $\endgroup$
    – BruceET
    Dec 16, 2018 at 16:35
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    $\begingroup$ You need to specify the randomization scheme; there are many different ways to randomize. $\endgroup$
    – gung - Reinstate Monica
    Dec 16, 2018 at 17:53
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    $\begingroup$ Simple randomisation, which is what is being described in these comments, is not used in practice. People actually use permuted blocks or stratification or minimisation. $\endgroup$
    – mdewey
    Dec 16, 2018 at 18:11
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    $\begingroup$ I'm not sure it's meaningful to think of there being a "randomization in general". A mathematical formalization of 1 randomization scheme would be incorrect for another. $\endgroup$
    – gung - Reinstate Monica
    Dec 16, 2018 at 18:13

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