What is the probability that none of the people call the same office and the probability that all of them call the same office? Suppose there are $n (n \ge 2)$ offices in a city. Suppose that $k (2 \le k \le n)$ people each independently and randomly call one these $n$ offices for an appointment. What is the probability that (a) none of these $k$ people call the same office and (b) that all of these $k$ people call the same office?
My work:
(a) This is similar to saying $P($all calls are to unique locations$)=\frac{{n \choose k}k!}{{n +k - 1\choose k}}$. There are ${n \choose k}$ ways to pick which offices will receive calls. For each of these scenarios, there are $k!$ ways to determine which caller goes to which office.
(b)$P($all the same office$)=\frac{{n \choose 1}}{{n + k - 1 \choose k}},$ since all people call one office, there are ${n \choose 1}$ ways to choose that office, and ${n+k-1 \choose k}$ total ways for the people to schedule appointments. However, I feel like I am missing additional arguments in the numerator. This answer seems too easy.
 A: Thank you for showing your work so far. It seems you can use a bit of help.
Suppose there are $n=7$ offices and $k=5$ people.
For (b) we need to choose which office gets all the calls (7 ways)
and then every one of the 5 people needs to choose that office (each
with probability $1/7),$ so that the desired probability is
$7(1/7)^5 = (1/7)^4 = 0.000416.$ (a) I will leave a combinatorial
answer for this part to you.
A simple simulation in R for 10 million replications of this 5-call
experiment in R is shown below: The vector d has 10 million numbers,
each of them the number of distinctly different offices called at
random by 5 people. Each of the 10 million entries of the logical vector d==1 is TRUE if everyone
called the same office, otherwise FALSE; the mean of a logical vector is the
proportion of its TRUEs.
set.seed(903)
d = replicate(10^7, length(unique(sample(1:7, 5, rep=T))))
mean(d==1)
[1] 0.0004186        # aprx 0.00416
7*(1/7)^5
[1] 0.0004164931     # exact
2*sd(d==1)/sqrt(10^7)
[1] 1.293715e-05     # aprx 95% margin of sim err: 0.000013

mean(d==5)
[1] 0.1497841        # aprx probability: 5 distinct offices
prod(7:3)/7^5
[1] 0.1499375        # hmm?


table(d)/10^7
d
        1         2         3         4         5 
0.0004186 0.0375117 0.3125584 0.4997272 0.1497841 

Note: Steps within the replicate loop:
samp = sample(1:7, 5, rep=T);  samp   # sampling with replacement
[1] 3 3 6 1 4   # offices called by 5 people
unique(samp)
[1] 3 6 1 4     # uniquely different offices called
length(unique(samp))
[1] 4           # nr of different offices called

samp = sample(1:7, 5, rep=T);  samp
[1] 1 7 7 3 3
unique(samp)
[1] 1 7 3
length(unique(samp))
[1] 3

