What is this chart called? 
I designed this chart to combine the benefits offered by a Bar chart and a Pie chart. Its closest known alternative is the Pareto chart. With this (new?) chart, the Line graph is replaced by a Waterfall chart, for two main reasons:


*

*It better reflects the discrete nature of the horizontal axis.

*It makes it easier to visualize the contribution of each value to the whole.


Also, the Bar chart is replaced by a Level chart in order to reduce the impact of visual collisions between the levels (the colored horizontal ticks) and the bars.
Much like the Pareto chart, this chart uses two vertical axes, one for the value itself, and one for the sum of values. Therefore, these two axes are congruent but use different scales. A more detailed explanation of its genesis is available on this article.
My question is the following: is there any prior art for this chart, and if so, what is it called? Right now, I call it a K chart, because it looks like the uppercase K letter when values are sorted in decreasing order and the "All" bar is displayed on the right.
Benefits over Pie Chart:


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*The display of labels and values is greatly simplified and much more space efficient.

*The horizontal axis can be epochal (temporal with an epoch, like dates).

*The layout can be rotated by 90° (in order to support a portrait output for example).

*There is a clear starting point for reading (left or right depending on language).

*There is a natural place to display the sum of values.

*There is a natural place to display deltas or rates of growth.

*The use of colors is perfectly optional (great for accessibility).

*The horizontal dimension can never be confused for a directional variable.


References:


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*Principia Data (Unified Typology of Statistical Variables).

*Principia Pictura (Unified Grammar of Charts).


Appendix:
The K chart is nothing more than the superimposition of a Level chart and Waterfall chart:


Bonus Question:
Can we attribute any meaning to the point where the two legs of the K chart intersect? If we had a continuous probability distribution, this would be the solution $i$ to the following equation, with $f(x)$ being a monotonically decreasing function and $\alpha$ being the scaling factor between the two axes:
$\int _{0}^{i}f(x)\,dx = \alpha f(i)$
Of course, we can express $\alpha$ in relation to $f(x)$:
$\alpha = \frac{\int _{0}^{Max(x)}f(x)\,dx}{f(0)}$
Therefore, the equation we have to solve is:
$\int _{0}^{i}f(x)\,dx = \frac{f(i)\int _{0}^{Max(x)}f(x)\,dx}{f(0)}$
This is as far as I could take it...
 A: Revising the Pareto Chart by Leland Wilkinson (2006) offers some interesting variations on the Pareto chart, but none that resembles the K chart. And for reference purposes, here is what a Single Axis Pareto chart looks like for the same dataset:

And a Dual Axes Pareto Chart:

I find the K chart much easier to read than either version of the traditional Pareto chart.
Furthermore, as Leland Wilkinson correctly states:

"[...], there is no theoretical justification for representing the
  cumulative frequencies with an interpolated line element. Since the
  categories cannot be assumed to be equally spaced on a scale, we are
  not justified in interpreting the overall slope or segment slopes in
  this line. For similar reasons, we are not justified in looking for
  “kinks” in this line to detect breakpoints or subgroups of problem
  categories."

This is probably the biggest problem with the traditional Pareto chart, and this problem is solved by replacing the Line graph by a Level chart.
A: I wouldn't promote the name 'k chart' for this. That term is already used as alternative for candlestick charts.
In addition, just using a single letter as a name may sound cool, but it is also gimmicky. It is not very functional. These letters as name do occur, but are often more common for well known tools and used as abbreviation. The letter as a name comes afterwards and is typically not something to start with.
I would use something more descriptive, for example: waterfall Pareto chart.

Sidenote 1:
The use of two y-axes is not very easy and when it is used it is more often in a technical and specialist environment.
I see it for instance often used in bioengineering where technologist map the changes/timeseries for multiple parameters, and they may even use a third or fourth y-axis. The usefulness of this is that the links between the multiple time series can be seen more easily.
In your graph, the use of visualizing this link might not be so much necessary. In addition, the information is already shown in the height of the bars. So adding the additional level chart adds relatively little and may be mostly confusing.

Sidenote 2:
Another problem with this chart is that it mostly functions when displaying a data for a single case.
Line graphs allow you to place multiple cases along each other in a single chart.

About the bonus question:
I am afraid, that I need to say that this point is not of much use. Or, at least, it doesn't have any specific or special meaning.
The reason is because the two y-axis scales have not much relevant relationship with each other. The one scale is the cumulative distribution, the other scale is the density or frequency distribution scaled by the value maximum. Sure, you can attach some meaning to the crossing point (more about that later)... but the choice of the point to attach this meaning to is arbitrary and not special, we could just as well use a different point, for instance the point where the one curve is 10% above the other curve. The crossing point has a visual relevance, but there is not another principle that makes this particular point important.
So what does this point indicate? When this point is early, then it relates to a density/mass curve that is dropping relatively quickly. (and at the same time the Pareto curve increases more quickly)
But, instead of finding the point where it crosses the pareto curve, we can just as well use the something like the halfway point, the point where the density/mass has dropped by half (or we use any other point instead of half, e.g. the point where the curve has dropped to '42%', but the use of '50%' is just easy or convenient).
A: This chart is a particular case of what could be called a Univariate Combo Chart.
