# How to summarise ANOVA post-hoc Tukey test?

I am having trouble to interpret tukey's post hoc result from the following

They incorporated post-hoc test results into a table using the 𝑎≤𝑏<𝑐 style notation (𝑎,𝑏,𝑐,... correspond to groups) but how to interpret it?

• Is Normal > osteopenic, osteoporotic means Normal has higher significant difference than osteopenic and osteoporotic ?
• In R, the results look like the following, is that mean Neutral has higher significant difference than Friends ? more specifically how to I write this result in 𝑎≤𝑏<𝑐 style notation?

Thanks!

• One thing you are going to need to answer the question is the means for each group --- Neutral, Friends, and so on. ... Some software will report a positive mean difference when the values in the first group are larger, and a negative mean difference when the values in the second group are larger. However, since this function in R is reporting all the mean differences as positive, I suspect this function is not following that convention. Aug 4 at 0:44