Machine Learning Models for predicting probability I have a dataset where the dependent variable is a success probability ranging from 0 to 1. I cannot use the regular linear regression to model because linear regression does not restrict the output range. One idea I come up with is using logit function to map it into real number sets, but I do not know whether it is accurate. Does anyone have any idea about this? Thank you!
 A: When you are faced with a problem like this, an early step is to try to access the original counts that generated the probabilities. An easy solution arises if you have the number of attempts by which you can multiply the probability. For instance, if your given data set says there was a $40\%$ success rate in $50$ attempts, you can model this with $20$ successes (typically coded as $1$) and $30$ failures (typically coded as $0$). You then have $50$ observed outcomes plus their feature values, rather than having one observed outcome (the probability) with associated features.
Probabilistic predictions based on discrete observations are well-studied in machine learning (e.g., logistic regression) and can be effective for this task.
A further advantage of this is that it might uncover that the $40\%$ success rate was calculated using attempts taken under slightly different conditions that you might be able to access in a different data source (perhaps as simple as joining another SQL table), and then you can account for these different conditions instead of pooling all of the observations and pretending they are the same. For instance, you might learn that the $50$ attempts were taken by $25$ subjects, each of whom takes two attempts, and decide that it is worth modeling the subject (such as with a subject indicator variable or a subject random effect).
While this does not address the issue of how to do the modeling when count information is unavailable, I wanted to post this advice. Part of being a useful statistician (or any kind of consultant) is knowing how to answer the question the customer should have had, not just the question the customer asked, and searching for the count data is part of that.
