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### why sample variance has has n-1 in the denominator? [duplicate]

Sample variance is calculated according to: $s^2=\frac{\sum{(x-\bar{x})^2}}{n-1}$ Population variance is calculated according to: $\sigma^2=\frac{\sum{(x-\mu)^2}}{n}$ Why denominator for sample ...
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### Alternate (?) definition of sample variance [duplicate]

The variance of a sample can be defined as $$s^2 = \frac{1}{2}\frac{1}{n(n-1)}\sum_{i}\sum_{j\ne i}\left(x_i - x_j\right)^2$$ Apart from the factor of $1/2$, this can be paraphrased verbally as ...
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### The derivation of standard deviation [duplicate]

So, if there are $N$ data points in my sample space of any randomly distributed variable $X$. The standard deviation, $\sigma$, (from my understanding) is the root mean squared of the error (from the ...
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### Estimates of variance from an iid sample [duplicate]

There are two kinds of estimates of variance from an iid sample $X1, \dots, X_n$ $1/n * \sum_i (X_i - \bar{X})^2$, which is MLE $1/(n-1) * \sum_i (X_i - \bar{X})^2$, which is unbiased. The unbiased ...
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### Why Standard deviation formula has n-1 in the denominator but Variance only n? [duplicate]

If is true that SQRT(Variance) = SD then one cannot have n-1 in the denominator and the other not but should be same? SD formula: Variance formula:
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### Intuition behind Besel's correction for an unbiased estimate of the variance [duplicate]

We have two estimators for samples dispersion: $\frac{1}{n}\sum_1^n (X_i - \overline{X_n})^2$ and $\frac{1}{n - 1}\sum_1^n (X_i - \overline{X_n})^2$. The second estimator unbiased - it has ...
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### What is the story of “$n-1$” in the denominator of an estimated variance? [duplicate]

In the book "Numerical Recipes in C" there is said that there is a long story about why the denominator of variance is $N-1$ instead of $N$. If you have never heard that story, you may consult any ...
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### Explanation for Bessel's correction [duplicate]

In textbooks and online the explanation for Bessel's correction is that the sample points are closer to the sample mean than the population mean.This is true for sampling with replacement as well. So, ...
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