Linked Questions

83 votes
28 answers
393k views

Examples for teaching: Correlation does not mean causation

There is an old saying: "Correlation does not mean causation". When I teach, I tend to use the following standard examples to illustrate this point: number of storks and birth rate in Denmark; number ...
74 votes
6 answers
8k views

Criticism of Pearl's theory of causality

In the year 2000, Judea Pearl published Causality. What controversies surround this work? What are its major criticisms?
Neil G's user avatar
  • 14.7k
62 votes
3 answers
7k views

Statistics and causal inference?

In his 1984 paper "Statistics and Causal Inference", Paul Holland raised one of the most fundamental questions in statistics: What can a statistical model say about causation? This led to his ...
Shane's user avatar
  • 12.2k
39 votes
6 answers
9k views

Under which assumptions a regression can be interpreted causally?

First, don't panic. Yes, there are many similar question on this site. But I believe none gives a conclusive answer to the question below. Please bear with me. Consider a data generation process $\...
luchonacho's user avatar
  • 2,667
22 votes
6 answers
65k views

Does simple linear regression imply causation?

I know correlation does not imply causation but instead the strength and direction of the relationship. Does simple linear regression imply causation? Or is an inferential (t-test, etc.) statistical ...
user4572's user avatar
  • 221
13 votes
5 answers
3k views

Does Correlation "Sometimes" Imply Causality? [duplicate]

I am an MBA student taking courses in statistics. I am sure that at some point, we have all heard the famous expression - "Correlation Does Not Imply Causality". When we are being introduced ...
stats_noob's user avatar
12 votes
2 answers
554 views

Correlation without Causation

I know the famous expression "correlation does not imply causation". In a DAG, this situation might look like $$ X \leftarrow U \rightarrow Y $$ Here even though $X$ and $Y$ are not causally ...
Mir Henglin's user avatar
12 votes
3 answers
2k views

Regression and causality in econometrics

In regression in general and in linear regression in particular, causal interpretation of parameters is sometimes permitted. At least in econometrics literature, but not only, when causal ...
markowitz's user avatar
  • 4,896
8 votes
1 answer
1k views

Correlation, regression and causal modeling

This is probably a blindingly obvious answer for any seasoned statistician, but I am still confused as to how correlation differs from regression, technically. I understand that one is a measure of ...
user1650757's user avatar
6 votes
3 answers
749 views

Does correlation correlate with causation?

Correlation does not imply causation, but causation causes correlation. By correlation I do not mean exclusively linear correlation, it could be arbitrarily shaped, as long as it is consistent and ...
MathuSum Mut's user avatar
5 votes
2 answers
42k views

Difference between experimental data and observational data?

I'm a novice to data mining and started to read about it. What's the exact difference between experimental data and observation data? Both are obviously data; and many say observation data can lead to ...
Ant's's user avatar
  • 539
5 votes
3 answers
1k views

Does autocorrelation imply temporal dependence?

It is always said that a time series should be stationary for forecasting using classical methods. While converting a time series to stationary, we detrend and deseasonalize the time series. Does this ...
Sarang Manjrekar's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
524 views

Suppose that $R^2=0$ . Does this imply that Y and X are unrelated? [duplicate]

Possible Duplicate: Under what conditions does correlation imply causation? Can somebody illustrate how there can be dependence and zero covariance? Or could there still be a relationship? Is ...
Jack Martin's user avatar
4 votes
2 answers
312 views

Why does presence of sample correlation violate independence assumption?

Consider the data from this website. They present the attached graph and state "It is clear that children who get more correct in the D0 condition tend to get more correct in the D60 condition. ...
user106860's user avatar
3 votes
2 answers
802 views

Under what conditions does correlation imply proximity to causation?

I've recently had an experience with the whole "correlation does not imply causation", which is certainly true as far as a true/false proposition is concerned, but which also seems to be ...
jxramos's user avatar
  • 213

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