Questions tagged [discrete-data]
Refers to data generated from a distribution that has a countable sample space. The discrete data tag may encompass categorical data, whether nominal (e.g. the distribution of race in a sample of individuals) or ordinal (e.g. socio-economic status), or an actual discrete random variate, such as a set of event counts (e.g. the number of errors on a page of text). Discrete data need not necessarily be integer, however.
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Predictive Modeling of Overseas Filipino Workers' Average Length of Stay: A Comparison of Linear and Poisson Regression Models
i want to find our average length of stay in months with a discrete values however the number of months in the dataset is up to 60 that we can treat as continuous. I would like to determine when is ...
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Significance in 3x3 crosstab including low values and high N
I am conducting a study of 126 organizations. Each organization has one or more registered domain names. Each domain name needs to conform with specific cybersecurity requirements. Some ...
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How can I perform a comparison of poisson and linear modelling using one dataset?
my y is average length of stay in months however the number of months in dataset is up to 60 so I can treat it as continuous but my main objective is to identify when can i determine it's better to ...
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Multiple linear regression homoscedasticity/linearity
My question is about the implications of the violation of homoscedasticity/linearity for multiple linear regression. I have tried to find the answer in multiple sources but could not figure it out.
I ...
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Practically and probabilistically modeling discrete data that can take on a countable (potentially infinite) number of values?
As an example, let's say that we have observations of the price of some good at various points in time and would like to predict the distribution of the price of the good one point in the future from ...
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Is it valid to take the midpoint of discrete outcome variables that express a range e.g. (1-20%, 21-40%) then calculate the mean of those midpoints?
I work in a health service and have a PhD student who was told by my boss (her primary supervisor) to measure clinicians' responses concerning what proportion of their clients had a certain condition ...
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Extrapolating a Discrete Distribution to a Continuous one
Say I have a list of the letter grades of a class (meaning some number of As, Bs, Cs, Ds and Fs). Is there any way for me to take this discrete distribution and extrapolate it to the most likely ...
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Mean of the means / ANOVA with percentages
I subjected aliquots of 4 replicates (microorganism cultures) to 3 different treatments + control.
In each treatment, I :
1- counted the number of cells whose colour changed in 100 cells of each ...
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How robust is multinomial logistic regression to having a multi-label problem shoehorned into it?
Consider a situation where there can be membership in group $A$, group $B$, both groups, or neither group. If we wanted to predict group membership probabilities from some covariate information, this ...
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Empirical Bayes grid approximation: How to prevent the prior from overwhelming the likelihood when there are many more samples in the prior?
I am trying to construct a grid approximation of the probability that an event will occur on the discrete interval 0 - 10, the spacing is 0.01. The probability that any single event on the interval is....
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Distribution of the mean of samples taken from two different distributions
Consider you have some distributions $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ of which you select $n_1$ samples from $Z_1$ and $n_2$ samples from $Z_2$.
We now add up these samples and take the mean. The question becomes, ...
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Does the number of bins influence the "measures of similarity" among histograms?
I have calculated several "measures of similarity" among histograms and discrete probability distributions (such as Cosine similarity, Kullback-Leibler divergence, Jensen-Shannon distance, ...
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Can I trust the results of a t test on 4 point Likert scale data which hides outliers?
I want to use an unpaired two-sample t-test of random samples of $n=40$ each. The sample data is from 4-point Likert scale assessments. I understand the t-test is not very robust to outliers, which I ...
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Is my variable a discrete random variable, ordinal, or categorical?
I work in trauma research. We use a injury grading system that is fairly unique. Using a system developed in the 60s-70s - the Abbreviated Injury Scale - injuries are graded for six distinct body ...
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Energy of a signal contained within a given band
Suppose I wish to compute the energy contained in a given frequency range using FFT. So, first, I compute FFT and take the squares of the absolute values of $x_k$. Can I then use discrete integration ...
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FFT: zero-padding and mean subtraction
When computing FFT of a finite-time discrete sample with a non-zero mean, I get two different results depending on the order of operations: whether I zero-pad and then subtract the mean or subtract ...
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Generating samples from a categorical proposal distribution with specific output (sample) structure
I'll caveat this question with that I do not think what I want to do is possible but suggestions in the right direction would be most helpful.
Now my data consists of vectors of length six, where each ...
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Discrete time survival analysis or Cox regression?
In an RCT, I want to find out whether the treatment (treatment vs control) has an effect on the uptake of aftercare (yes/no + time). I have five measurement points, which are not equidistant (i.e., ...
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Sample size calculations for a pair-dependent discrete outcome
How do we calculate sample sizes (and power) for an outcome that is discrete and is only measurable between two individuals of a group?
Suppose we have $n_A$ individuals in group A, and $n_B$ ...
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Numeric variable that can't be applied to all my observations, causing NA's [duplicate]
Suppose I have a numerical discrete variable that does not apply to all my observations, i.e. 'years_married'. Not all the people in my dataframe is married, so they have an 'NA' registered in this ...
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How does a machine learning model distinguish between ordered discrete int and continuous int?
Lets say I am classifying if a user will like a Airbnb listing or not (binary classification model)
I have 2 features:
Number of house rules the Airbnb host has. Since this is a count, this is a ...
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Models for a discrete numerical response with only 5 distinct values
I have a response variable that takes on only 5 distinct values: -15, -5, 0, 5, 15. These values are obtained in a clearly categorical manner, meaning: if event A happens, then the outcome is 5, if ...
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NLS-estimated Discrete Bass Model (Satoh, 2001)
The above is the Satoh (2001) discrete derivative of the cumulative Bass model. I am using it to estimate a cumulative diffusion pattern from 19 years of data. (Renewable energy source diffusion in ...
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How to sample from a distribution with discrete variables with a known average?
My motivation is to produce carcasses of animals in an ecosystem.
The animals have discrete sizes in kg (75, 216, 700, 2500, 5000, 8500, 25000).
I also have the estimated percentage each animal ...
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What kind of transition probability matrix indicates dependence/independence?
Suppose we have two discrete random variables $X$ and $Y$, both of which take values from $\{1,2,...,k\}$.
$Y$ is generated from $X$ via a transition probability matrix (also known as the stochastic ...
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Can we preserve dependence in discretization?
Suppose we have two categorical random variables $X$ and $Y$, with both $k$ levels.
We assume $Y$ is generated causally from $X$ ($X \to Y$). We also assume causal Markovian is satisfied, which means $...
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F-test can be used to analyse discrete data?
I have 2 sets of discrete data. My objective is to compare 2 different process which is manual strip and auto-layering machine. But my data are in percentage of scrap. Can I use F-test to analyse the ...
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How to model discretised values of a continuous variable?
I have some measurements--tissue swelling in response to an injury--with limited precision (mm). Thus, although the underlying phenomenon is continuous, my values are discrete. The values range ...
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Comparing statistically the distribution of frequency between several groups
I have a set of data corresponding to several groups (group1, group2,...) split into 7 categories (cat1, cat2...). For each group, I have counted the number of individuals belonging to each category. ...
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What sample size do I require when testing for discrete binary variables?
I'd like to preface this question by stating that I am a novice. I may use some terminology incorrectly and would appreciate correction if I do so.
Currently I am running reliability tests to validate ...
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Is it possible to conduct a Chi-Square Test to determine the distribution of a binary uniform distribution?
Suppose a data with a large sample size has a binary categoric variable (i.e. True/False, etc) and it is assumed that the null hypothesis of the sample follows a discrete uniform distribution.
Is it ...
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Different Variance formula confusion
I couldn't find a specific thread that discusses this, but I was wondering why the difference between these 2 formulas for Variance
$\frac {\sum (x-\mu )^{2}}{N} $
and
$\sum (x-\mu )^{2} p(x)$
I can ...
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Estimating discretization step from noisy timeseries
We have a sensor that measures some physical process. As the sensor discretize the data, when reading the signal we should only see the value in discrete steps. For example, when the signal varies ...
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Algorithm for sampling without replacement, provides consistent output given consistent input?
Problem
I'm looking for a sampling algorithm, which accepts two arguments: First, an array of integers, $x$, sampled with replacement from $range(low, high)$; and second, a set of elements, $y$, where ...
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Why Do We Need Discrete Time Survival Models?
I have been told that one of the main advantages of Semi-Parametric Models (e.g. Survival Analysis, Cox Proportional Hazards Model) is that these models do not require assuming the response variable (...
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What does mean some eigenvalues of the Hessian are positive? How to fix it?
I prepared a research design with the discrete choice method. I have 2 labeled alternatives, 5 attributes for an alternative, and 6 attributes for an alternative. I want to analyze my data with ...
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Calculating probability of survival from life expectancy table
Suppose I am given a table of the life expectancies, $e_x$, for ages, $x$, ranging from 0 to 100. Is the following way of calculating the probability, $p_{(x\rightarrow x+1)}$, of surviving from one ...
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Have Average Stat of Category; Want Likelihood of Category Based on Stat
This is technically a baseball question, but no baseball knowledge is needed. I have a list here of the average OPS (an offensive stat, the range) by position in baseball (the "variable", in ...
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Should the updated posterior for a Poisson distribution be discretized if based on the Gamma distribution as the prior?
I know that the Gamma distribution is the conjugate prior of the Poisson distribution, such that given $\alpha$ and $\beta$ that describe the prior distribution, the posterior distribution is $Gamma(\...
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How to find the probability of an unobserved binary variable from repeated noisy observations?
Let $Y \in \{0,1\}; P(Y=1)=\beta$. We have no observations of $Y$.
Instead, we observe a sample of $A$,$B$. We can assume that $P(A,B|Y)=P(A|Y)P(B|Y)$; $P(A=Y)=P(B=Y)=\alpha$; and that $P(A=Y|Y)=P(A=Y)...
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How to compute 90-th percentile of data with Inf values? [closed]
I need to compute an effective diameter is 90-th percentile of the distribution of shortest path lengths of a graph.
My attempt is:
...
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Multinomial logit with time-varying alternative-specific constants
I observe some individuals (labeled id) that have made a choice from a set (the alternative variable is alt). The choice set ...
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If I convert continuous data into ordinal discrete data, but number of the class is 100(1 class per 1 percentile), can I say this is 'continuous'?
I have some continuous data, and want to do kmeans clustering with this.
But weirdly when I did kmean clustering with this data, the outcome was very conflicted with my presumption. So I decided to do ...
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How to determine if the log likelihood of logistic regression is too large or not?
I am running a logistic regression on STATA with binary response variable, and 2 predictor variable that are discrete, as such one is in % (but takes only 2 values strictly i.e., 5% or 10%) and ...
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How do I multiply two discrete distributions together?
As part of my PhD research, I am simulating a system that comprises multiple sensors, and I want to perform sensor fusion. My sensors give me sets of measurements (values between 0 and 1 mm) that I ...
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Is Alcohol consumption in units discrete or continuous?
Hi I’m really struggling to decide whether or not alcohol consumption in units is discrete or continuous data.
Would really appreciate any help thankyou.
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Upper bound for m.g.f
$X$ is a discrete random variable from power series family (e.g., binomial, poisson etc.). is it possible to find an upper bound for the m.g.f of $X$?
N.B: from stack exchange I obtained the following ...
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Geoscience Statistical Anomaly - Groundwater Measurements
I am a Geoscientist working in the field taking groundwater measurements every day. I frequently work with groundwater monitoring wells as an integral part of my day. For those of you who do not know ...
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Compraring two discrete (?) variables
I need to test if a baby's length is affected by the gestation period (in weeks). I started by testing the 2 variables for normality, but after getting conflicting results from the Shapiro-Wilk and ...
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Can I use Pearson correlation for discrete variables? [closed]
Can I use Pearson correlation for discrete variables, if the level of measurement fits (either ratio or interval).
Thanks!
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