Questions tagged [distance-functions]
Distance functions refer to functions used for quantifying the notion of distance between members of a set, or between objects.
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9 views
Assess multivariate distance among groups?
I'm trying to find out how to approach the problem of comparing groups in a multivariate setting. I have a dataset of 2,5m rows, that contains exports from a certain country to several others in a ...
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1answer
47 views
Is there a distance metric between ordered vectors?
I am looking for a distance metric between vectors whose elements are ordered,
i.e so the vectors:
[1,5,0,0,0,0,1], [1,0,4,0,0,1,0]
will be considered closer than
[1,5,0,0,0,0,1], [1,0,0,1,5,0,0]
for ...
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0answers
6 views
Metric to measure distance between two percentage values [duplicate]
I would like to find a function that measure how much two percentage values differ from each other. Now, a norm $\|\cdot \|$ does not quite fit this criterion as a jump from 1% to 30% is, for many ...
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1answer
25 views
Ordering list of items by two criteria
I have a list of items with two scores: scoreA and scoreB. To be more specific they represent the average of a list of accuracy scores and their maximum. Both of the scores range from 0 to 100%. I'm ...
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29 views
Jaccard/binary (dis)similarity calculation to multidimensional scaling analysis
I have n N x n dataset of features (n) and subjects (N) in which I am attempting to cluster into a lower-dimensional space via multi-dimensional scaling.
I'm confused about which MDS setup I need to ...
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12 views
Distance metric for probability distribution
I'm looking for a distance metric that would be good for what I think is a probability distribution:
I have a fixed number of samples
I have a fixed number of features
Each sample can have, at most,...
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0answers
6 views
How to define a weight function for response time?
I have a repeated measurement over time and the variable of interest is user compliance. However, since users use different questionnaire length, the duration of response time is also important. I ...
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6 views
Distance in Square between Randomly Selected [duplicate]
I am trying to find the expected Euclidean distance between independent, randomly-selected variables in the unit square and I have some technical questions. For co text, I know if we were selecting ...
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13 views
What is the difference between np.linalg.norm(x-y,axis=1) and np.linalg.norm(x-y)?
I'm creating a K-Medoids algorithm from scratch in Python using numpy, and I'm in the process of using a distance function to determine the cluster center. I want the center to be the point in the ...
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9 views
distance between two lists
I am using the normalized manhattan distance (L1-norm) between two lists as a metric to measure how much change has happened. Let's call this changeIdx .This ...
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0answers
14 views
Similarity between clusters/groups?
I have a dataset consisting of multiple groups in a high dimensional space. An example is shown below:
What would be the best way to calculate similarities between groups. Say how similar is group A ...
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0answers
43 views
How to calculate Mahalanobis distance in very high dimensions with both continuous and categorical variables?
The objective is outlier detection via a distance measure.
Does mahalanobis distance suffer from curse of dimensionality just like Eucledian distance for
very high dimensions? (say around 5000 ...
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25 views
Finding weights to be used by an Euclidean distance function for vectors with weighted components in a multi-dimensional space, using only sample data
I have a multi-dimensional space with $d$ dimensions wherein $i$ vectors ($v_1 ... v_i$) with $d$ components live. I want to find a function $s(v_a, v_b)$ which takes in two of these vectors and ...
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0answers
30 views
Hierarchical clustering: distance/linkage combination that allows starting in the middle of the dendrogram
I want to use hierarchical clustering to classify some ecological data (species abundances on different places), so I would like to use a Manhattan type distance that doesn't account for double ...
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10 views
Finding the relative 'importance' of different vector components when defining distance of two vectors in a space [duplicate]
I have a multi-dimensional space with $d$ dimensions wherein $i$ vectors ($v_1 ... v_i$) with $d$ components live. I want to find a function $s(v_a, v_b)$ which takes in two of these vectors and ...
1
vote
1answer
33 views
Metric for distance of sinewaves
I have time-series data consisting of the sum of 2 sinewaves and my goal
is to predict their frequencies and their amplitudes.
I would like to know what are the best distance metrics/loss functions I ...
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0answers
10 views
Performance measure for estimation for acoustic impulse response
In searching for a performance measure for assert the estimation quality of acoustic impulse responses.
Ideal Acoustic Impulse Responses (AIRs) are usually modelled as trains of impulses:
$$ h(t) = \...
-1
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1answer
23 views
How to unsupervised-cluster of binary vectors?
I have a set of binary vectors of roughly 500 dimensions. For EDA purposes mainly, I'd like to cluster them, maybe hierarchically.
What could be the right distance metric for my problem?
Is the ...
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0answers
18 views
Determine outliers for robust Mahalanobis distance
I want to apply a robust mahal distance and found an implementation in scikit: https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/covariance/plot_mahalanobis_distances.html
but there is the number of ...
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0answers
46 views
Distance measure for two probability distribution of unequal sample size
Context: I have 100 stores and these stores are divided into 10 business markets. I want to select 3 markets where each market is a good representation of the 100 stores i.e. the population.
There ...
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0answers
130 views
Understanding the kdist graph used to select DBSCAN epsilon parameter
I need to use DBSCAN for my research and am having trouble understanding the kdist graph used to select the epsilon parameter - specifically, I do not understand what is happening behind the scenes ...
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34 views
How to transform $P[k_1\leq (x_i-\mu - \sigma\cdot Z)^2 \leq k_2]$ to $P[k_1\leq \frac{(x_i-\mu)^2}{\sigma^2}+e \leq k_2]$?
Taste estimation
As an example consider an experiment conducted to determine the optimal concentration of salt in popcorn. The concentration of salt in sample $i$ is denoted by ${x_i}$.
The subject ...
1
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1answer
35 views
Understanding PAM - why is it greedy?
I've been studying k-medoids for a while but i can't understand the first step or BUILD step: in particular i can't get how the initial medoids would be "greedy". I'm not much confident with the ...
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35 views
How to measure the difference between two random forest models?
Suppose that I have training data defined as a set of N records (or samples) defined by its attributes (or descriptors, features, as you prefer), and I trained two random forest models with two parts ...
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13 views
Multiple correspondence analysis, definition of distance between two categories of the same question
From the text : Multiple Correspondents Analysis by Brigette LeRoux
The data for this quesiton is:
The definition of $f_k$ is
$f_k = n_k/n$ where $n$ is the total number of individuals and $n_k$ ...
0
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1answer
50 views
Mahalanobis distance - understanding the formula [duplicate]
I've read quite a few explanations on this topic, liking this one the most:
https://mccormickml.com/2014/07/22/mahalanobis-distance/
But there is still one thing I don't understand.
I understand ...
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0answers
33 views
Type of logarithm in Jenson-Shannon and Bhattacharyya distance
Both Jenson-Shannon and Bhattacharyya distance can be used to measure the similarity of two probability distributions.
Bhattacharyya distance between two distributions $p$ and $q$ is defined as $D_B(...
1
vote
1answer
18 views
Dissimilarity or distance metrics between pairs of values
I have cubes (objects) in which their volume was manually calculated (let's call this method the "manual method". Assume that the volume measures obtained by this method are considered the "true" ...
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0answers
6 views
Similarity matrix from Frechet distance
I have a Frechet Distance matrix and I need to transfer it to the Similarity matrix. Can I use same approach like here ?
1
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1answer
157 views
Am I right that Calinski-Harabasz index (Pseudo-F) can not be calculated from a distance matrix other than euclidean?
Part:
I wonder if one could calculate the Calinski-Harabasz index when only having a distance matrix (and a cluster solution, of course). As you need the within and between sum of squares to come up ...
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13 views
Does Mahalanabis Distance have something to do with Min-Max normalisation? [duplicate]
Does Mahalanabis Distance have something to do with Min-Max normalisation?
I know that it has something to do with Z-score normalisation, but when I tried Mahalanabis Distance on the Min-max ...
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24 views
Calculating a single Factor value against a table of variables
Ok here's a fun one...
We have to calculate a given referee's strength rating/appropriateness for refereeing a given game. The number we come up with has to be something meaningful, so it should be ...
0
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1answer
355 views
Is Hierarchical clustering a special case of knn(specific n=1)?
I'm working on time series in the scope of similarity detection at the moment. What seems to be a well researched approach is dynamic time warping in combination with k-1NN as classification ...
3
votes
1answer
53 views
Non-metrics give “pathological” solutions: what does this mean?
In this set of slides on DTW, slide 25 says that we generally prefer metrics over measures because,
"Non-Metrics can sometimes give pathological solutions when clustering or classifying data etc."
...
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0answers
118 views
Which distance metric to use to cluster categorical sequences (clickstreams or clickpaths)?
For my research, I want to cluster website visitors based on their clickstreams to understand different information behavior patterns (i.e., customer/visitor journeys). The data can be characterized ...
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0answers
27 views
Proxy for Mahalanobis distance when n < p? [duplicate]
I'm working on a ranking problem where I want to measure the distance between a collection of query points (as a group) and each target point in my database. Each query point is part of the set of ...
1
vote
1answer
23 views
Finding the effect of nodes on a density heatmap
Let's say I have a geo-tagged dataset of all payment transactions for businesses in a city. I know whether each payment is made by cash or card, and have made a heatmap of where in the city the ...
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0answers
260 views
Relationship between KL divergence, JS divergence, and MMD?
What kind of relationship is there between the KL (Kullback-Leibler) divergence, JS (Jensen-Shannon) divergence, and MMD (maximum mean discrepancy)?
I know that they all share a global minimum at $P=...
2
votes
1answer
821 views
Is one-hot encoding and standardization of data equivalent to Gower's distance?
For clustering and other techniques for mixed data (numerical and categorical), Gower's distance is usually more preferred than Euclidean distance because the former computes distance differently for ...
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0answers
46 views
Distance between two distributions
I am analyzing time-series data, and I would like to detect a significant change in data distribution. I already know about Bhattacharyya distance, but that requires histograms of equal-sized bins. ...
4
votes
1answer
815 views
Calculation of relative distance
I have 100 term triplets as shown in the below mentioned figure. Each triplet contains 3 objects namely x, y and z. I want to rank the triplets according to the following two properties.
y should be ...
3
votes
1answer
184 views
The violation of triangle inequality in KNN
If the 0<p<1 in the distance metrics, then the triangle inequality is violated.
The question as follows
Does the violation of this inequality affect the ...
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0answers
31 views
Distance metrics [closed]
I read about different distance metrics, such as Euclidean distance and so on.
What are the machine learning algorithms that use distance metrics in their calculations?
2
votes
1answer
896 views
How can I order kmeans clusters?
I have a kmeans cluster object and I would like to order the clusters. Not the observations within the clusters, rather the clusters in order of each other.
Is there a way of doing this? I found ...
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1answer
278 views
Cleaning Up the Data with Mahalanobis Distance [duplicate]
I have a data set and I want to cleaning up my data set from the ouliers, so I decide to use the Mahalanobis distance to find the outliers. But I have a problem here since my covariance matrix isn't ...
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202 views
What happens with Mahalanobis-Distance, when the assumption of equal Covariance-Matrices breaks down
Assume that we want to compare the forecast quality of various forecasters $f$ on $n$ values such as stock-market prices or whatever. We could then define a "Mahalanobis-Distance" (MD) (or rather ...
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57 views
What distance measure (e.g. Jaccard) to use when there are correlated observations?
I would like to use a simple distance measure (e.g. Jaccard) on a rather sparse set of 0/1 variables or probability densities, for which some of the observations are similar; this is due to repeated ...
0
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1answer
400 views
Is Earth Mover Distance has maximum bound?
I have two probability distributions which each distribution has sum up to 1.
I want to compute the distance between those two probability distributions. I want to use Earth Mover Distance to ...
4
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2answers
923 views
Is the maximum bound of Euclidean distance between two probability distributions equal to $\sqrt{2}$?
I used Euclidean distance to compute the distance between two probability distribution. The example of computation shown in the Figure below.
As my understanding, the maximum distance occur while $...
2
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0answers
87 views
Recovering a distance matrix from nonnegative sparse correlation matrix?
After doing extensive literature research in all sorts of science I am completely puzzled. I am trying to find out what the state-of-the-art techniques would be to recover a (let's say euclidean) ...
