Questions tagged [sequential-analysis]
Hypothesis testing without a fixed sample size.
112
questions
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0answers
6 views
Sequential Probability Ratio Test (Property Proof)
Can anyone provide me the easily explainable proof of 'SPRT terminates with probability unity'?
To be more specific- 'Prove that SPRT terminates with probability unity'
1
vote
1answer
45 views
How to explain these jump-discontinuities in the expected stopping time of a SPRT?
Suppose a sequential probability ratio test (SPRT) with $$\alpha=P(\text{Type I error})=P(\text{Type II error})=\beta = 10\%$$ is used to decide between $$\ H_0: p=1/2\quad\text{vs.}\quad H_1: p=b\,$$ ...
2
votes
1answer
31 views
Changing sample size during experiment? [duplicate]
Will the significance and power levels hold constant if I don't see statistically significant results and decide to wait to allow for more samples to be collected?
0
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2answers
51 views
When should a problem be approached as a sequential one?
I am working on a problem with a dataset of the form $(x_j,t_i,y_{i,j} )_{(j,i) \in J \times I}$ where $y_{i,j}$ is the output label. Think of progression of illness over time or weather conditions ...
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0answers
46 views
Bayesian sequential updating with current Bayesian sampling software?
I'm having a hard time implementing sequential updating with current software, I don't even know how to start. Basically, I'm having to refit the whole model by simply appending the new data to the ...
3
votes
0answers
28 views
Sequential hypothesis test for uniform distribution
Suppose I have a sequence of data points $x_1,x_2,\dots$. I want to do a sequential hypothesis test, were the null hypothesis is that each $x_i$ is iid uniform on $[0,1]$, and the alternative ...
0
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0answers
9 views
good quotation on the control part of statistical quality control?
I'm writing a paper making use of techniques from statistical quality control, and would like to include a quotation that expresses a sentiment something like this:
Statistical quality control is not ...
1
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0answers
27 views
Sequential Testing of Poisson Process
My question is related to the paper "Sequential Testing for Poisson Processes" by Peskir and Shiryaev, available here.
Specifically, suppose that there are two states of the world, G(ood) ...
0
votes
1answer
47 views
How can I adjust the p-value calculation for an A/B test that is currently running?
I am running an A/B test. I have about 95k samples per variation and 1.29% relative improvement. The test is to see whether the variant converts users to booking better than the control. Test is still ...
0
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1answer
67 views
Group Sequential Clinical Trial Design - Non-binding efficacy boundaries?
I have been reading up on group sequential clinical trial designs and came across the concept of non-binding futility boundaries. Intuitively, it makes sense to me that continuing the trial after ...
2
votes
1answer
104 views
Sequential updating of a Bayesian regression model
I'd like to perform Bayesian regression of $Y$ on $X$. i.e. estimate a posterior $p\left(\theta\mid\mathcal{D}\right)$ of some regression parameter $\theta$ given a dataset $\mathcal{D}$ of pairs of ...
8
votes
1answer
257 views
How to distinguish between two biased coins
I have two very biased coins:
The first coin (C1) lands on heads 95% of the time.
The second coin (C2) lands on heads only 1% of the time.
One of the coins has been selected and I want to determine ...
3
votes
1answer
115 views
Term for when hypothesis testing is conducted repeatedly until an interesting result is found?
What is the term for when, through accident or intent, many hypothesis tests are conducted until an 'interesting' result is found? That is, the experiment (or variations on it) are repeated until a ...
1
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0answers
30 views
In R, why do the p-values from anova() change when you add more predictors?
When conducting linear regression in R, I am trying to understand how certain p-values are calculated and what they represent. So far this is my understanding:
The p-values from summary() correspond ...
5
votes
1answer
115 views
Equivalence of Contextual Bandit formulations
I find two different type of Contextual Bandit problem formulations in the literature:
Definition 1: (https://hunch.net/~jl/projects/interactive/sidebandits/bandit.pdf) In a contextual bandits problem,...
0
votes
1answer
133 views
Is sequential probability ratio test bayesian or frequentist or both?
Is sequential probability ratio test bayesian or frequentist or both?
Is there a way to implement a bayes decision rule with "sprt"?
2
votes
1answer
50 views
How long will it take to detect that the parameters in a normal distribution have changed, given online sampling?
Let's say, for instance, you have normally distributed data that is coming in one at a time. At some unknown instance, the distribution parameters (mean and variance) change. Assuming that there is ...
1
vote
0answers
19 views
Early stopping in wilcoxon signed rank test?
I have decided to acquire N joint samples of variables X and Y (for example, N=200), and test whether their means are different using the signed-rank test. I will repeat this procedure many times, ...
1
vote
0answers
446 views
O'Brien Fleming Interim Analysis Interpretation with PROC SEQDESIGN
Quick question about the output of PROC SEQDESIGN. I was playing around with the O'Brien Fleming method trying to understand how we can interpret the results spit out by SAS for a mock study with ...
2
votes
1answer
61 views
How to recursively filter sequential predictions of binary classifier?
Problem
My goal is to estimate binary state using entire observation history. Observations are coming sequentially with fixed interval (~1 sec). I have xgboost model which predicts the state given a ...
2
votes
1answer
90 views
To improve the posterior belief receiving a time-series from a fixed data source
Let data $\mathbf{X}\in \mathbb{R}^d$ come from one of the $K$ possible sources $\mathsf{S}\in \{1,2,...,K\}$. The true $\mathsf{S}$ is unknown but it is fixed. The main task is to infer the true ...
1
vote
1answer
30 views
extension of sequential probability ratio tests to particle filters?
I've been wondering if there are extensions of the sequential probability ratio test to account for particle filters. I ask because, in my research, I'm working with distributions that cannot be ...
0
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1answer
76 views
Binary Sequence Prediction Model with Time dependant features
I got a very long sequence of binary items (0 or 1). Each item is associated to a timestamp. For example :
...
5
votes
1answer
537 views
What are disadvantages of "Sequential analysis"
Sequential analysis involves performing sequential interim analysis till results are significant or till a maximum number of interim analyses is reached.
Sequential analysis sounds appealing ...
1
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0answers
28 views
Average Sample Number using Page's CUSUM procedure?
I am trying reproduce the Table 1 results from the page 12 using the equation given the page 13.To access the journal article please click https://arxiv.org/pdf/math/0605322.pdf. The corresponding ...
3
votes
1answer
147 views
Does an interim sample size re-estimation increase type 1 error if based on the overall event rate?
Suppose that a sample size is to be calculated for a trial: a presumed effect size summarizes the effect of intervention (relative risk RR $\exp(\theta_1)$), and background gives the rate of events in ...
2
votes
0answers
51 views
Mixed-effects modelling in a sequential analysis design
I'm planning a study and am considering going with a sequential analysis design (as described here: https://psyarxiv.com/9yegd/download?format=pdf). This design allows one to take multiple looks at ...
0
votes
0answers
26 views
How to methodologically show that a given 'time-series/sequential' data is not really sequential?
I have an apparent time-series/sequencial (supervised: multi-class classification problem) dataset with each data-point time-stamped. However, some domain intuition tells me that the data is static ...
-1
votes
1answer
471 views
Reverse the shuffling phase
It is very convenient to have sklearn library to split and shuffle the data with
...
4
votes
1answer
112 views
Can the Bayesian but not the frequentist "just add more observations"?
Since the frequentist's p-values are uniformly distributed under the null hypothesis, it is a highly problematic practice to add more and more data to your sample until you find a significant result. ...
1
vote
0answers
14 views
Sequential mining technique for categorical events?
I'm facing a problem where I have a short (2-8) sequence of discrete events, of variable length, and a final state. Ex.: cold, warm, warm -> soft clothing.
I would like to determine what are the main ...
2
votes
0answers
68 views
Predicting elections with a random sample
If I have a population of exactly 100.000 voters, and I know they all voted in either candidate A, B, C, D or E. (e.g where the results of a random sample of 100 voters are A = 40%, B = 30%, C = 10%, ...
1
vote
1answer
42 views
Applying Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) on a Vector Signal?
I am trying to apply SPRT on a vector signal (of residual) for detecting faults occurring in the sensors' measurement of an aircraft. The vector signal contains measurements from five different ...
6
votes
1answer
271 views
Stopping rules in group sequential designs
I have read that in group sequential designs, having a maximum of $k$ stops, for the $j$-th stop $j < k$ there are 4 bounds chosen $a_j,b_j, c_j, d_j$ such that the three decisions are considered. ...
2
votes
0answers
28 views
power calculation for two stage binomial type model
This is a power-type calculation for a Bernoulli/binomial question in two stages.
Suppose you are planning an experiment which starts with a test for an event on $N$ experimental units. The event ...
12
votes
5answers
1k views
Determining sample size before starting an experiment or run the experiment indefinitely?
I studied statistics years ago and have forgotten it all so these may seem like general conceptual questions than anything specific but here is my issue.
I work for an e-commerce website as a UX ...
4
votes
1answer
1k views
How many samples do I need to estimate a gaussian distribution?
Background: I'm comparing the performance of two algorithms. The data is noisy so the results tend to form a nice normal distribution.
I'd like to estimate the mean with a high confidence: up to 1% ...
3
votes
0answers
27 views
Advice for conducting the same experiment several times?
I'm very new to Bayesian statistics, but I've found myself in a situation where they might be able to help. I'll be running the same experiment repeatedly and analyzing the data every few months. The ...
2
votes
0answers
383 views
Understanding interim analysis and alpha spending functions
I have to perform an A/B test with interim analysis and found some literature about methods designed to preserve the global Type I error rate by adjusting the $\alpha$ level for each peeking.
...
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vote
0answers
72 views
Convergence of a sequence in finite number of steps
Here is the setup of my problem. It is a sequential problem and there are two possible actions A and B. Now, when either action $A$ or $B$ is taken at the $j$th time point, we observe some outcome say ...
2
votes
0answers
48 views
Optimal denoising of a few features for latent variable modeling
I am fitting latent variable models to noisy, high-dimensional data. The dimension is 15,000 to 20,000; there are 2,000 observations. There is a certain latent structure that I observe -- essentially, ...
0
votes
1answer
830 views
Bayesian updating with discrete priors + possibly unknown classes
I'm following along with some lecture notes on Bayesian updating with discrete priors. They give an example problem to illustrate some of these concepts, which I briefly restate here:
Someone tells ...
1
vote
1answer
348 views
sample size calculation for one-sample log rank test with interims (ie group sequential)
I wonder if there is any advice for performing a sample size calculation for survival data using the one-sample log rank test with interims (ie group sequential) - ie with O'Brien-Fleming or some ...
0
votes
1answer
38 views
Finding expected value with $3$ unknown variables
Question:
There are n marbles in a bag, player $1$ picks out $x$ marbles where $x \leq n$, marks them, and puts them back. Player $2$ picks out $y$ marbles where $y \leq n$. What is the expected ...
2
votes
1answer
746 views
Complexities of interpreting A/B testing power & significance calculations
Apologies up front for not being a statistician. I've been searching high and low and I cannot find a sufficiently detailed explanation how to interpret differences in A/B testing power and ...
2
votes
0answers
27 views
Just how bad is it to determine when to stop data collection based on the resulting CI?
Say I want to be $95\%$ sure of the mean $\bar X$, with a CI of size $2$ ($1$ in each direction).
The following is bad practice:
collect data until $1.96\frac{s}{\sqrt{n}}=1$.
What is the extent ...
3
votes
1answer
136 views
How to test for deviation from a uniform distribution?
I have a random number generator as part of a system that - putatively - randomly selects one of 10,000 drive locations to store an incoming file fragment. Multiple file fragments can fill a drive ...
-1
votes
2answers
167 views
substring clustering with noise
I have sequence which is a repetition of a few strings. I have identified the start and end markers of these strings in the sequence and now, I want to cluster similar strings together. The problem is ...
0
votes
0answers
17 views
Derive sequencing probabilities from univariate data
Given a variable measured sequentially e.g. -6,-3,0,2,-3,1,-5,7,-47.. etc, what are some methods to derive some reliable sequencing probabilities?
e.g. if i-2>0 and i-1 >0 then i>0 etc.
0
votes
1answer
74 views
How to compute expected value?
Hi I am trying to compute this:
It's a denominator of ANS function in sequential statistics.The result is:
I set "sigma1"=1 and "mi" is considered as a constant.Do you have any idea how to get the ...
