Questions tagged [terminology]
Usage and meaning of specific technical words/concepts in statistics.
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Help with terminology. How to even phrase a question?
This is a bit embarrassing but I can't even find the words to properly do a Google search.
I am doing simulations and I am trying to develop a better adaptation process. The process has seven ...
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1answer
12 views
Is a model fitted to data or is data fitted to model
Is there a conceptual or procedural difference between fitting a model to data and fitting data to model? An example of the first synatax can be seen in https://courses.washington.edu/matlab1/...
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2answers
55 views
How broad is the term statistical summary?
I am wondering how broad is the term "statistical summary". For example, can a set of inferential statistics, descriptive statistics, along with both parametric and non-parametric density estimation, ...
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9 views
Difference between epochs, batch size, input size, output size and number of neurons in a neural network
What is the difference between epochs, batch size, input size, output size and number of neurons in a neural network?
How do I plot the performance index with respect to epochs?
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12 views
How do you explain 'explained variance'?
What is the best definition of 'explained variance' from a teaching perspective?
I quite like this one:
"Explained variance (also called explained variation) is used to measure the discrepancy ...
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1answer
21 views
what does it mean to run a time series model in levels?
I have seen the phrases running a var in levels and running a var in difference in very high frequency, either on this site or elsewhere.
I understand running a var in difference basically means to ...
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28 views
What is the correct definition of Selectivity : TPR or TNR ? Since contradictory literature exists
The reason of my question is because contradictory articles exist. Talking about the confusion matrix's performance metrics, we can find:
English wikipedia pages mention that ...
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0answers
58 views
Term for two variables that are “too close for control”
Sometimes we are tempted to assess a relationship of X1 with Y while controlling for X2, but it would be a mistake, because X2 is not merely correlated with Y -- it is more closely associated than ...
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1answer
16 views
Sample space for 4 consecutive coin flips vs 4 coins flipped at once
I am trying to firm up my understanding of sample space. I am playing with the idea of two random processes, where one realization of each process is
(A): flip a coin 4 times, record the results
(B):...
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1answer
47 views
What's the term used when identical feature vectors map to different target variables?
Context: Fitting a Machine Learning Algorithm on a labeled dataset.
For a feature vector [a,b,c] and a labeled output/target variable, what's the term used when identical feature vectors map to two (...
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1answer
28 views
Type of normalization [duplicate]
Suppose you have some vector $[a_1, \ldots, a_n]$ where the terms are non-negative.
How do you call the normalization method where you divide each element by the sum (to get a probability vector)? i....
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2answers
66 views
About basic terminology: experiment, outcome, sample space, is my understanding correct?
Part 1
We could define
"tossing $1$ coin $1$ time" as an experiment $E_1$, with possible outcomes, aka, the sample space of which is $\{H,T\}$, this set has 2 elements;
"tossing $1$ coins $2$ ...
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8 views
Nomenclature of hierarchical clustering constellation plot/graph
What is the name for the process/method by which I select the branch that has that dot, circled in red, from within the hierarchical clustered model?
This is a constellation plot, made in JMP:
I am ...
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0answers
19 views
Terminology Confusion: Probability, Likelihood, AND?
currently I have a terminology issue to accurately write a text. I read up on the definitions on probability and likelihood. Given some continuous random variable(s) as far as I can infer, probability ...
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2answers
20 views
Describing the spread of outcomes from simulations
In general, what is the term to describe the 5th and 95th percentiles of outcomes coming from a simulation study?
Say we obtain a vector of outcomes y. In R we can ...
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0answers
61 views
Learning algorithm vs Model in Machine Learning [duplicate]
In ML, I learned that we have a model and a learning algorithm. The learning algorithm is used to train the model with training data, does that sound correct?
If the model is trained using linear ...
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1answer
32 views
Least Squares Estimator Vs Ordinary Least Squares Estimator
Is there any difference between the two terms "Least Squares Estimator" and "Ordinary Least Squares Estimator". For convenience, I'll refer to them as LS and OLS respectively. I have read various ...
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0answers
58 views
Terminology: “Central Limit Theorem” for Delta Method
This is a question about when is it appropriate to call an asymptotic normality statement, the "Central Limit Theorem" (CLT).
More specifically, suppose I have $X_1, X_2, \dots X_n$ iid from a ...
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28 views
What is the name for bins derived from Quantiles? [duplicate]
It's so easy to talk about "deciles" as if they were groups of observations that fall between the actual deciles, i.e., "any of the nine values that divide the sorted data into ten equal parts." But ...
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Is there a term to refer to a weighted mean that's weighted by a function of percentile (using a kernel)?
I came-up with a type of central tendency which is a weighted mean. The weighting is based on percentile, with values closer to the median having a higher weight. It's similar to the idea of a ...
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1answer
41 views
Are “the probability of something being seen” and “the probability of someone seeing something” the same?
I'm puzzling over how to treat the distribution of TV advertising spots.
I have a list of spots and the % of the population who saw them.
What I'm trying to get is a Gamma distribution representing ...
3
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1answer
29 views
good terminology for the parameters of a lognormal distribution?
Is there any good short terminology for the two parameters of a lognormal distribution?
I have been using mean-log for $\mu$ and volatility for $\sigma$, where the lognormal variable $X$ has $\ln(X)$ ...
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0answers
21 views
Statistical test for first sample greater than given sample?
Does anyone know of a name for the following statistical test/whether there is a name/whether the following line of reasoning is just bogus?
Say I have a value $x$, and a way to generate samples from ...
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3answers
118 views
Terminology for Bayesian Posterior Mean of Probability with Uniform Prior
If $p \sim$ Uniform$(0,1)$, and $X \sim$ Bin$(n, p)$, then the posterior mean of $p$ is given by $\frac{X+1}{n+2}$.
Is there a common name for this estimator? I've found it solves lots of people's ...
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2answers
444 views
What are “fringeliers”?
I recently received a reviewer comment from a journal submission that asked me to
report how I dealt with outliers and fringeliers.
I had not heard of the term "fringeliers" and when I googled, ...
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0answers
25 views
Confusing terminology of TimeSeries: “Smoothing” and “Differencing” [closed]
I studied MA, AR, ARIMA, SARIMA to forecast products demand using python, but recently I encountered the smoothing, using ...
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0answers
32 views
What is an autoregressive model - terminology with respect to machine learning
In Wikipedia, an autoregressive model is defined in terms of an AR(p) linear process as
The autoregressive model specifies that the output variable depends
linearly on its own previous values ...
2
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0answers
11 views
Terminology when after inclusion to a RCT patient may undergo two different randomization procedures
I have trouble finding appropriate terminology for the following.
I want to investigate treatments A and B in disease X and treatments C and D in disease Y.
Diseases X and Y are basically two ...
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1answer
16 views
Reporting effect aize
Could someone please explain the difference between standard mean difference and adjusted mean difference. I want a common rubric for reporting effect size.
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2answers
80 views
What is the correct terminology for repeating groups of coin flips multiple times in a simulation?
I previously posted a question that is causing a lot of confusion because my terminology is incorrect. I decided to post this question to ensure I am starting my problem with the correct terminology.
...
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0answers
14 views
Notation in different articles about HMM
I'm studying hidden Markov models, especially the articles by Stamp (2018) and Rabiner (1989). Please let me check with you that I got this right:
Especially the last observation is my own, about the ...
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1answer
29 views
How can one summarize categorical variables with frequency variables in a clinical study?
Quote:
All eligible patients were analyzed. For the background of the patient population, categorical variables were summarized with the frequency and rate and continuous variables with fundamental ...
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1answer
15 views
Is there a term for a random sequence of integers with every consecutive pair in the sequence being unequal?
I'm trying to generate a random sequence of integers whereby no two consecutive values are equal to each other. This sequence is meant to simulate changes in state only. Is there some term or concept ...
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What is local stationarity and how to detect it in time series
What is local stationarity time series and how to detect?
and what is the difference between it and between global stationarity?
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1answer
202 views
In statistics, is there a formal name to the two variables of a two-dimensional contingency table?
Is there a formal terminology for the variable in the columns and for the variable in the rows?
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2answers
45 views
What are the predictor variables in a neural network?
In a linear regression model, the predictor or independent (random) variables or regressors are often denoted by $X$. The related Wikipedia article does, IMHO, a good job at introducing linear ...
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structural break vs regime shift in simple language
I went through the wiki pages for Structural Break and Regime Shift. It seems to me that they are synonyms.
Is there a difference ?
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1answer
28 views
What does it mean for a variable to block a path between other two variables?
What does it mean for a variable $Z$ to "block" the path between variables $X$ and $Y$ in a causal model? What is the formal definition of a "block", and how can I intuitively understand this concept? ...
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0answers
19 views
time series terminology question
Suppose I have a time series $x_1, x_2, ..., x_{10}$. I apply the augmented Dickey Fuller test to my data an conclude the data are non-stationary with (say) lag = 2.
With lag = 2, the tested data ...
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1answer
96 views
One sided test $H_0:\mu=0$ or $H_0:\mu\leq 0$? [duplicate]
I want to test
$$H_0: \mu \leq 0 \,\,\,\,\,\, vs \,\,\,\,\,\, H_1: \mu > 0.$$
I am using a t test, so the statistic $T$ has $\nu$ degrees of freedom which depend on the sample size.
What is ...
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3answers
827 views
What is the precise definition of “performance” in machine learning?
In machine learning, people usually refer to the "performance of a model" or "performance of an optimizer". What is the exact definition of "performance"? What would be the "performance of an ...
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0answers
26 views
Term for “the things that determine the solution to an Machine Learning(ML) problem”?
A machine learning problem can be seen as a pair $(T,L)$: a set of training data $T$, and a loss function $L$ on the training data.
I am looking for a term that captures everything about how a ...
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0answers
25 views
Dot subscript summation notation used in design of experiments
Context
I couldn't find a clear explanation of this on this site, and
thought that it might be of use. I have provided part of the answer, which
anyone is welcome to build from. I'm not sure how to ...
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2answers
611 views
Why is the Neyman-Pearson lemma a lemma and not a theorem?
This is more of a history question than a technical question.
Why is the ``Neyman-Pearson lemma'' a Lemma and not a Theorem?
link to wiki: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyman%E2%80%93Pearson_lemma
...
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1answer
28 views
Mutually exclusive events, pairwise mutually exclusive events and disjoint sets
I have been confused by the phrases: mutually exclusive events, pairwise mutually exclusive events and disjoint sets. My book uses these at different places. What is the difference between them?
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Terminology, meaning of “Concepts” in Statistical Learning Theory
I'm studying the definition of PAC learnable:
Let C be a concept class over X.
We say that C is PAC learnable if
there exists an algorithm A with the following property:
for every ...
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4answers
434 views
Is “random projection” strictly speaking not a projection?
Current implementations of the Random Projection algorithm reduce the dimensionality of data samples by mapping them from $\mathbb R^d$ to $\mathbb R^k$ using a $d\times k$ projection matrix $R$ whose ...
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2answers
104 views
What does aggregation mean in statistics?
Im a programmer who is currently studying to become a data scientist.
I was reading this https://seaborn.pydata.org/tutorial/relational.html#emphasizing-continuity-with-line-plots in this there is a ...
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1answer
21 views
Terminology for neural networks
The words “a neural network” in machine learning can refer to either of
The architectural design of a neural network (number of layers, etc)
The network with specific parameter values encoded in it.
...
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5answers
2k views
What precisely does it mean to borrow information?
I often people them talk about information borrowing or information sharing in Bayesian hierarchical models. I can't seem to get a straight answer about what this actually means and if it is unique to ...
