# All Questions

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### What algorithm to use to classify image-like data by spatial relations?

Let's assume I have dataset of image-like 2D samples where values can be divided into few discrete levels (for example 1, 2, 3 and 4) like in the image below, where each color maps different value, ...
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### Time series analysis: reciprocal condition number when trying to estimate VAR-Model

I'm currently trying to identify an appropriate VARMA(p, q)-representation for a multivariate time series using the MTS::-package in R. The series comprises n = 126 ...
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1answer
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### Can you use a paired sample t-test for groups with participants matched for a specific characteristic?

I have been asked by a reviewer to perform a paired sample t-test, rather than an independent sample t-test, for two groups (males vs females) who are matched for a physiological characteristic (...
0answers
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### Probability $X_n=k$ for a Markov Chain over the integers

Let $\{X_n\}$ be a Markov chain with state space $\mathcal{S}=\mathbb{Z}$, and $X_0=0,$ and $p_{0,1}=p_{0,-1}=1/2,$ and $p_{i,i+1}=1$ for all $i \ge 1,$ and $p_{i,i-1}=1$ for all $i\le -1.$ The ...
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### What does holding other variables fixed in a regression mean? [duplicate]

I am sorry if this sounds redundant but I couldn't find a good explanation on this anywhere else yet. I understand that controlling for a variable in a regression can be imagined by drawing separate ...
0answers
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### Learning curves in R [closed]

I am trying to plot the learning curve for the Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Data Set on Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes`. When I try to load my training ...
1answer
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### How to extract error per data point using regression instead of just total sum of squares error

I am running a regression and found the sum of squares error for my data points. I was wondering if there was a way to calculate the error per data point instead of just the total error. I want to ...
1answer
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### Linear regression in very unbalanced data

I hope you can help me with this question. I have a dataset with several classes (around 25) and they are very unbalanced. Some classes have thousands of subjects, others hundreds, and others just a ...
0answers
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### Is important the role of $b$ to solve SVM in the primal formulation?

Using the Representer theorem we can define a approximation function with or without the bias term $b$. If $b$ is considered, how should it be computed when training the primal SVM with gradient ...
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### Interpreting marginal effects for multivariate linear regression; what to make of controls?

Given a linear model like: $y = \alpha + \beta_{1}X1 + \beta_{2}X2 + \beta_{3}X3$ And if I want to interpret the marginal effects of $\beta_{1}$, then I am wondering about its interpretation. I would ...
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### Is label smoothing equivalent to adding a KL divergence term or a cross entropy term?

In the context of cross-entropy loss objectives for neural networks, I tend to think of label smoothing from the standpoint of directly manipulating the labels. This blog post explains how doing so is ...
0answers
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### Is ML Algorithms employed in the NFRs? [closed]

Is ML Algorithms employed in the NFRs?
0answers
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### HMM with emission probability being hidden state

I've been working on this problem for a while but cannot think of any solution. So here's the problem explained in the context of HMM. The hidden state is a probability that is updated given ...
0answers
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### If all elements of A are greater than x and all elements of B are smaller than a, det(A) is greater than det(B)

Let $A$ and $B$ are two $n \times n$ matrices and $x > 0$ is a scaler. If $\forall \; a \in A \;\;\; a > x$ and $\forall \; b \in B \;\;\; 0 \leq b \leq x$, and assume $A$ and $B$ are both ...
1answer
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### Mixture regression

I am wondering how to analyze and interpret something like the data shown in the figure below (the color is the log-density of the data points, which are a few hundred thousands in number). My ...
1answer
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### Intuition behind permutations + probability

I'm new to stats so I'm struggling to grasp the intuition behind permutations + probability. Would anybody be able to help me with parts (b) and (c) of this question? Any help is greatly appreciated :)...
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### My question is about confusion matrix to get tp, fp, fn and tn values for each instance as a dataframe [closed]

i have a model making predictions on a bunch of instances and i have the corresponding ground truth for the same. after model predictions say i have the following code: cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, ...

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