Lots of people seem to be asking this. They often seem to get shallow answers that merely assert what is true, instead of drawing or explaining the mechanism. They also seem to not find each other -- if you don't know the answer, it's not obvious that these are all the same question. 

Has someone given a high-quality answer that we can refer all these askers to? If not, give it your best shot below.

Here are some related questions. This list is incomplete. Feel free to edit and add to it.

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/372997/linear-regression-coefficient-changes-with-additional-variables

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/439781/gam-interactions-individual-and-combined-interactions-are-different

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/61506/nonsignificant-interaction-still-causes-main-effect-to-flip

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/47646/interpreting-main-effect-coefficient-in-different-models/47650#47650

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/42950/interactions-make-terms-significant-in-regression-when-they-should-not-be/43952#43952

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/429526/why-is-the-intercept-in-multiple-regression-changing-when-including-excluding-re/429544#429544

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/65898/why-could-centering-independent-variables-change-the-main-effects-with-moderatio

Related but not bang on:

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/5450/what-if-interaction-wipes-out-my-direct-effects-in-regression