The `Mean of squared residuals: 0.05206834` in your output is the out-of-bag MSE estimate. Just take the square root: sqrt (tail (Rf_model$mse, 1)) (Apparently, `$mse` stores the oob MSE observed for bagging 1 : n trees, the last one is the one we need.) You can double check by manually calculating RMSE from the oob predictions: sqrt (mean ((Rf_model$predicted - whole_data$target^2))