I have been reading about James-Stein estimator. It is defined as, in this [notes][1], $$ \hat{\theta}=\left(1 - \frac{p-2}{\|X\|^2}\right)X$$ I have read the proof but I don't understand the following statement. >Geometrically, the James–Stein estimator shrinks each component of $X$ towards the origin... What does "shrink each component of $X$ towards the origin" exactly mean? [1]: http://www.statslab.cam.ac.uk/~rjs57/SteinParadox.pdf