I am fitting a mixed-effects model with the following specification: lmer(log(Y) ~ A + B + C + D + (1 + D|M), data = da I am fitting a mixed-effects model with the following specification: mixed_eff_model = lmer(log(Y) ~ A + B + C + D + (1 + D|M), data = data_df, REML = FALSE, control = lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead")) The output is as follows: Linear mixed model fit by maximum likelihood ['lmerMod'] Formula: log(Y) ~ A + B + C + D + (1 + D | M) Data: data_df Control: lmerControl(optimizer = "Nelder_Mead") AIC BIC logLik deviance df.resid 392207.9 392298.8 -196095.0 392189.9 178993 Scaled residuals: Min 1Q Median 3Q Max -1.4909 -0.6930 -0.2866 0.3907 8.1989 Random effects: Groups Name Variance Std.Dev. Corr M (Intercept) 2.0710 1.4391 D1 5.1665 2.2730 0.46 Residual 0.5235 0.7235 Number of obs: 179002, groups: M, 3 Fixed effects: Estimate Std. Error t value (Intercept) -1.807e+02 3.262e+00 -55.413 A 2.462e-03 8.726e-04 2.822 B 9.098e-03 5.228e-04 17.402 C 9.437e-02 1.563e-03 60.371 D1 -1.065e+00 1.312e+00 -0.812 When I plot the residuals using: `plot(mixed_eff_model, type = c('p', 'smooth')`, the output is as follows: [![residual_plot][1]][1] I have two questions: 1. Does this indicate that the linear model is potentially misspecified? 2. How do I correct the model to account for this observation? [1]: https://i.sstatic.net/ovOju.jpg