There is an article in [Wikipedia which talks about p-values][1]. In the example section it gives this example:

> One roll of a pair of dice
>
> Suppose a researcher rolls a pair of dice once and assumes a null hypothesis that the dice are fair, not loaded or weighted toward any specific number/roll/result; uniform. The test statistic is "the sum of the rolled numbers" and is one-tailed. The researcher rolls the dice and observes that both dice show 6, yielding a test statistic of 12. The p-value of this outcome is 1/36 (because under the assumption of the null hypothesis, the test statistic is uniformly distributed) or about 0.028 (the highest test statistic out of 6×6 = 36 possible outcomes). If the researcher assumed a significance level of 0.005, this result would be deemed significant and the hypothesis that the dice are fair would be rejected.

>In this case, a single roll provides a very weak basis (that is, insufficient data) to draw a meaningful conclusion about the dice. This illustrates the danger with blindly applying p-value without considering the experiment design.

You obviously would not publish a paper on the result, yet the p-value is statistically significant. What are some measures to prevent this type of "error"?

PS. It would be great if both a frequentist and a Bayesian methods presented. 

  [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value