I recently came across this identity: $$E \left[ E \left(Y|X,Z \right) |X \right] =E \left[Y | X \right]$$ I am of course familiar with the simpler version of that rule, namely that $E \left[ E \left(Y|X \right) \right]=E \left(Y\right) $ but I was not able to find justification for its generalization. I would be grateful if someone could point me to a not-so-technical reference for that fact or, even better, if someone could lay out a simple proof for this important result.