1. If you want 200 copies of each of 5 levels in a polytomous variable in random order, then do this instead `x <- sample(rep(paste0('pict', 1:5), 200))` 2. If you want to control for overall prevalence of a specific outcome, then you must choose which `beta` you will fudge. I usually do `beta0`. `MM <- model.matrix(~x)` `betas <- rnorm(4)` `prevTarget <- 0.3` `prevDiff <- function(beta0)` ` prevTarget - mean(binomial()$linkinv(MM%*%c(beta0, betas)))` `beta0 <- uniroot(prevDiff, c(-100, 100))$root` `mean(binomial()$linkinv(MM%*%c(beta0, betas)))`