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Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are a broad class of computational models loosely based on biological neural networks. They encompass feedforward NNs (including "deep" NNs), convolutional NNs, recurrent NNs, etc.

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What exactly are keys, queries, and values in attention mechanisms?

Big picture Basically Transformer builds a graph network where a node is a position-encoded token in a sequence. During training: Get un-connected tokens as a sequence (e.g. sentence). Wires connect …
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What's the difference between variance scaling initializer and xavier initializer?

To understand the difference of each initialization, we need to undersetand what is going on inside the neural network (NN) forward and backward propagation and how to manage the neuron output signals …
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Why are the embeddings of tokens multiplied by $\sqrt D$ (note not divided by square root of...

In deep neural network layers, we want to retain the signals having normal distributions, and avoid diminishing and exploding gradients. This is the primary goal of weight initialization such as Xavie …
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Multi-Head attention mechanism in transformer and need of feed forward neural network

The token (query) to token (key) connection in the self attention mechanism captures word to word relation. But how about the relation between the parts of the words? Jane played piano and John dance …
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YOLO loss function width and height component explanation

YOLOv1 from Scratch explains as below. It also explains other considerations made in the loss function design. Lets say we have a very large bounding box and we take those subtracts and squared, that …
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yolo cost function

if we have negative values for the width and height As in the original paper, the bounding box size is normalised between 0 and 1, hence will not be negative.
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Matrix form of backpropagation with batch normalization

In Python as explained in Understanding the backward pass through Batch Normalization Layer. cs231n 2020 lecture 7 slide pdf cs231n 2020 assignment 2 Batch Normalization Forward def batchnorm_for …
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