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Latent variables refer to variables that cannot be directly observed. These variable are defined in terms of observable variables. In narrow sense, "latent variable" is seen/modeled as what generates the observed variables in an implied data generation process. Also called hidden or lurking variables.

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Understanding the set of latent variables $Z$ in variational inference

I have been trying to understand variational inference (in a Bayesian context) where we’re trying to approximate $p(Z|X)$ where $Z$ is the set of latent variables and $X$ is the set of observable vari …
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