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Latent variables refer to variables that cannot be directly observed. These variable are defined in terms of observable variables. In narrow sense, "latent variable" is seen/modeled as what generates the observed variables in an implied data generation process. Also called hidden or lurking variables.
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Compute the user and item features in SVD++
I have a sparse matrix. There is lots of missing data. Hence, I can't use SVD naively.
I read Koren's SVD++ paper. I'm confused as to how the $q_i$ and $p_u$ vectors are determined. $q_i^Tp_u$ is su …