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The Fourier transform decomposes a signal (a function of time) into frequencies, giving the energy at each frequency.

31 votes

From a statistical perspective: Fourier transform vs regression with Fourier basis

They're the same. Here's how... Doing a Regression Say you fit the model $$ y_t = \sum_{j=1}^n A_j \cos(2 \pi t [j/N] + \phi_j) $$ where $t=1,\ldots,N$ and $n = \text{floor}(N/2)$. This isn't suita …
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1 vote

Spectral Analysis in R - the periodogram

The periodogram function $P(\cdot)$ has the property that $$ P(j/n) = P(1 - j/n) $$ for $j=0,\ldots,n-1$. The frequency $.5$ is a folding frequency. This all can be verified by the definition of a per …
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3 votes
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Why is spectral density only defined for stationary processes?

To quote Brockwell and Davis: "[t]he summability of $|\gamma(\cdot)|$ implies that the series converges absolutely..." When you look at the definition of the spectral density $$ f(\lambda) = \frac{1} …
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