# Tags

A tag is a keyword or label that categorizes your question with other, similar questions. Using the right tags makes it easier for others to find and answer your question.

× 19880
for any *on-topic* question that (a) involves R either as a critical part of the question or expected answer, & (b) is not *just* about how to use R.
× 18018
Techniques for analyzing the relationship between one (or more) "dependent" variables and "independent" variables.
× 12204
Machine learning algorithms build a model of the training data. The term "machine learning" is vaguely defined; it includes what is also called statistical learning, reinforcement learning, unsupervis…
× 9218
data observed over time (either in continuous time or at discrete time periods).
× 7290
A probability provides a quantitative description of the likely occurrence of a particular event.
× 6210
inconsistent with a given hypothesis rather than being an effect of random fluctuations.
× 6019
A routine exercise from a textbook, course, or test used for a class or self-study. This community's policy is to "provide helpful hints" for such questions rather than complete answers.
× 5974
a mathematical description of probabilities or frequencies.
× 5047
Refers generally to statistical procedures that utilize the logistic function, most commonly various forms of logistic regression
× 4796
a method of statistical inference that relies on treating the model parameters as random variables and applying Bayes' theorem to deduce subjective probability statements about t…
× 4714
the problem of identifying the sub-population to which new observations belong, where the identity of the sub-population is unknown, on the basis of a training set of dat…
× 4290
composed of 'neurons' - programming constructs that mimic the properties of biological neurons. A set of weighted connections between the neurons allows informati…
× 4262
A measure of the degree of linear association among a pair of variables.
× 4076
Statistical significance refers to the probability that, if, in the population from which this sample were drawn the true effect were 0 (or some hypothesized value) a test statistic as extreme or more…
× 4072
Mathematical theory of statistics, concerned with formal definitions and general results.
× 3744
The normal, or Gaussian, distribution has a density function that is a symmetrical bell-shaped curve. It is one of the most important distributions in statistics. Use the [normality] tag for asking ab…
× 3601
ANOVA stands for ANalysis Of VAriance, a statistical model and set of procedures for comparing multiple group means. The independent variables in an ANOVA model are categorical, but an ANOVA table can…
× 3455
Regression that includes two or more non-constant independent variables.
× 3255
Mixed (aka multilevel or hierarchical) models are linear models that include both fixed effects and random effects. They are used to model longitudinal or nested data.
× 3010
the task of partitioning data into subsets of objects according to their mutual "similarity," without using preexisting knowledge such as class labels. [Clustered-standard-errors a…
× 2842
an interval that covers an unknown parameter with $(1-\alpha)\%$ confidence. Confidence intervals are a frequentist concept. They are often confused with credible intervals wh…
× 2679
A generalization of linear regression allowing for nonlinear relationships via a "link function" and for the variance of the response to depend on the predicted value. (Not to be confused with "genera…
× 2568
The expected squared deviation of a random variable from its mean; or, the average squared deviation of data about their mean.
× 2525
Categorical (also called nominal) data can take on a limited number of possible values called categories. Categorical values "label", they do not "measure". Please use [ordinal-data] tag for discrete …
× 2486
a special case of [prediction], in the context of [time-series].
× 2408
a linear dimensionality reduction technique. It reduces a multivariate dataset to a smaller set of constructed variables preserving as much information (as much v…
× 2357
a general purpose programming language designed for ease of use. It is a commonly used platform for machine learning. Use this tag for any *on-topic* question that (a) involves Python eith…
× 2344
too general; please provide a more specific tag. For questions about the properties of specific estimators, use [estimators] tag instead.
× 2299
Repeatedly withholding subsets of the data during model fitting in order to quantify the model performance on the withheld data subsets.
× 2271
A test for comparing the means of two samples, or the mean of one sample (or even parameter estimates) with a specified value; also known as the "Student t-test" after the pseudonym of its inventor.
× 2259
Constructing meaningful and useful graphical representations of data. (If your question is only about how to get particular software to produce a specific effect, then it is likely not on topic here.)
× 2132
An area of machine learning concerned with learning hierarchical representations of the data, mainly done with deep neural networks.
× 2052
a method of estimating parameters of a statistical model by choosing the parameter value that optimizes the probability of observing the given sample.
× 2041
Creating samples from a well-specified population using a probabilistic method and/or producing random numbers from a specified distribution. As this tag is ambiguous, please consider [survey-sampling…
× 1974
A test (typically of distribution, independence, or goodness of fit) or a family of distributions related to such a test.
× 1890
Questions connected to R packages lme4 and nlme for linear, generalized linear and nonlinear mixed effects models. For general questions about mixed models use [mixed-model] tag.