10
votes
Are p-values computed from the a priori or a posteriori sampling distribution?
The null hypothesis is fixed before looking at the sample (or even planning the sample size). The p-value is obviously computed from the data, but it is based on the test statistic, which normally ...
- 20.9k
8
votes
Accepted
Different results between ANOVA and Linear Mixed Effects
The anova function returns the sequential tests on the model (the aov function would be used if you wanted to compare to ...
- 50.6k
6
votes
What is a *likelihood ratio test* for a specific distribution, and how does it relate to hypothesis tests?
A likelihood ratio test is just a particular type of hypothesis test where the test statistic is obtained in a specific way.
They arise out of Neyman and Pearson's attempt to find a way to obtain &...
- 277k
5
votes
Are p-values computed from the a priori or a posteriori sampling distribution?
My question is: when we talk about the null hypothesis here, are we referring to the sampling distribution constructed:
Before any data is collected (a priori), or
After data has been collected (a ...
- 57.9k
4
votes
Different results between ANOVA and Linear Mixed Effects
First, apart from Greg's excellent note about sequential vs. simultaneous tests, I wonder why you think the results should be more or less the same.
And for your final question:
How should these ...
- 109k
3
votes
Can I perform logistic regression or any other type of regression on this dataset?
You are right that without data on those who didn't crash, you can't sensibly predict how likely a crash is. For example, maybe your data show there were twice as many crashes among young male drivers ...
- 3,432
2
votes
Can I perform logistic regression or any other type of regression on this dataset?
The answer is pretty simple here. If your outcome variable has both outcomes (the event happens or doesn't happen), then you can easily fit this data to a logistic regression with the event as a ...
- 8,270
2
votes
Accepted
Finding P-value and power of the Most Powerful Test
The indicator function sets the limits of integration, but does not have to be carried through since the alternate hypothesis fits within the range of null hypothesis and the maximum sample fits ...
- 4,623
1
vote
Are p-values computed from the a priori or a posteriori sampling distribution?
I have caused confusion by using the terms "a priori" and "a posteriori". To acknowledge this I will use the phrases "before data collection" and "after data ...
- 213
1
vote
Are p-values computed from the a priori or a posteriori sampling distribution?
The p-value is computed with the sampling distribution
Given a parameter $\theta \in \Theta$, an observed data vector $\mathbf{x}$ and a test statistic $T$ that is increasing with respect to evidence ...
- 118k
1
vote
Mincer-Zarnowitz test with cointegrated time series
There is a way around this problem. Note that given $y_t$, there is no difference between forecasting $y_{t+h}$ and $\Delta_h y_{t+h}:=y_{t+h}-y_{t}$.
From $\hat y_{t+h|t}$ and $y_t$ we can obtain $\...
- 64.6k
1
vote
Are p-values computed from the a priori or a posteriori sampling distribution?
The $p$-value is a posteriori because it depends on the observed
data (or more precisely the observed test-statistic, $T^\star$),
being $$ p = \text{Pr}(T \ge T^\star | H_0) $$
The type-1 and type-2 ...
- 1,400
1
vote
2-way Anova on Unequal Group Proportions
Which method or technique should I use to account for the binary response variable?
For a binary response you can use logistic regression. In SAS that would be ...
- 56.5k
1
vote
Alternative test instead of logistic regression for binary dependent outcome variables?
Certainly, that is indeed the correct statistical approach, as it involves a binary outcome variable (complications: yes/no) predicted by your predictors (e.g., age, gender). To obtain the probability ...
- 149
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