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Jul 23, 2016 at 3:47 comment added J. M. is not a statistician To amplify whuber's first comment: the $t$-test was invented by Gosset precisely because it is often impractical to come up with "as large a sample n as possible". (Imagine if they had to use the entire batch of Guinness produced in a run just to check if that batch was of good quality...)
Jul 22, 2016 at 14:27 comment added Aksakal If you have the population and can process it, then there's not much in hypothesis testing. For instance, if your question is whether the average length of matches in this matchbox is larger than in that matchbox, then it's a matter of measuring the matches and comparing the average. No z- or t-tests involved. Now, if your question is whether the average length of matches from this vendor is longer than from that vendor, then you're in trouble. You obviously can only obtain samples from each vendor, then have to make inference about the entire population
Jul 22, 2016 at 14:04 history edited BioLogic CC BY-SA 3.0
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Jul 22, 2016 at 13:48 history edited BioLogic CC BY-SA 3.0
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Jul 21, 2016 at 18:17 answer added Glen_b timeline score: 4
S Jul 21, 2016 at 14:54 history suggested Gilles CC BY-SA 3.0
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Jul 21, 2016 at 14:31 review Suggested edits
S Jul 21, 2016 at 14:54
Jul 21, 2016 at 14:25 answer added elmo timeline score: 3
Jul 21, 2016 at 14:02 comment added whuber (1) Who has the time and budget to take arbitrarily large samples? (2) Your logic is completely circular: although you are trying to estimate $w_0$, but you base your procedure on monitoring a quantity that depends on $w_0$ itself. Might I suggest you search our site for threads on hypothesis tests and p-values and study some of them?
Jul 21, 2016 at 12:43 history asked BioLogic CC BY-SA 3.0