We use a paired t-test when we have multiple measurements on the same sampling unit (dependent observations) AND when sampling units are independent of one another. Observations are paired, not samples.

In the situation in Section 3.3, the sampling units are NOT independent of one another because sampling units are created artificially by resampling the sample dataset (S). A paired t-test is therefore not appropriate.

The test mentioned in the paper uses a formula based on differences (p(i)), so it is referring to a paired t-test.

We use a paired t-test when we have two measurements on the same sampling unit (dependent observations) AND when sampling units are independent of one another. Observations are paired, not samples.

In the situation in Section 3.3, the sampling units are NOT independent of one another because sampling units are created artificially by resampling the sample dataset (S). A paired t-test is therefore not appropriate.

The test mentioned in the paper uses a formula based on differences (p(i)), so it is referring to a paired t-test.