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Christoph Hanck
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My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as (also recall that the mean of the fitted values equals the mean of the $y$, $\bar y=\bar{\hat{y}}$) $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$$$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}=\frac{\hat\sigma^2_{\hat y}}{\hat\sigma^2_{y}}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which both the $y_i$ (blue) and the fitted values (salmon) are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which both the $y_i$ (blue) and the fitted values (salmon) are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as (also recall that the mean of the fitted values equals the mean of the $y$, $\bar y=\bar{\hat{y}}$) $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}=\frac{\hat\sigma^2_{\hat y}}{\hat\sigma^2_{y}}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which both the $y_i$ (blue) and the fitted values (salmon) are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

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Christoph Hanck
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  • 137

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which botheboth the $y_i$ (blue) and the fitted values (salmon) are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which bothe the $y_i$ and the fitted values are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which both the $y_i$ (blue) and the fitted values (salmon) are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

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Christoph Hanck
  • 34.8k
  • 3
  • 78
  • 137

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which bothe the $y_i$ and the fitted values are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which the fitted values are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

My answer will focus on the baseline OLS case, but the mechanics are similar for techniques like Lasso (although I'll admit that I do not know how $R^2$ is computed for such methods). Also, my answer relates to in-sample fit.

Recall that $R^2$ is defined as $$ R^2=\frac{(\hat y-\bar y)'(\hat y-\bar y)}{(y-\bar y)'(y-\bar y)}, $$ which we may rewrite into the ratio of variance explained to variance of the dependent variable, $$ R^2=\frac{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i(\hat y_i-\bar y)^2}{\frac{1}{n-1}\sum_i( y_i-\bar y)^2}, $$ So, when you have a low $R^2$, that is tantamount to saying that the standard deviation of the predictions is less than the standard deviation of the target variable. A fortiori, if you "sacrifice" $R^2$, that ratio can only decrease further.

Here is a little graphical illustration, in which bothe the $y_i$ and the fitted values are projected onto the y-axis, for a dataset in which $R^2$ is relatively low. We observe that the variation of the fitted values is, as expected, smaller.

enter image description here

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Christoph Hanck
  • 34.8k
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  • 137
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