What type of analysis do I need to understand and/or gain information from a set of data?
For example, I have students' data for SATScore, HighSchoolGPA, HighSchoolRank, etc., and FreshmenGPA.
Now I want to develop a model which tells me which of the criteria are important for FreshmenGPA and by how much. I want to quantify the importance of these categories (SATScore, HighSchoolGPA, HighSchoolRank, etc.).
What options do I have? Which is the most accurate methodology to do such analysis?