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Backpropagation, an abbreviation for "backward propagation of errors", is a common method of training artificial neural networks used in conjunction with an optimization method such as gradient descent.
2
votes
CNN - upsampling backprop gradients across average-pooling layer
This is based on gunes's answer above.
We can vectorize all the matrices as follows:
$$
\mathrm{vec}(A^{[l]}) = \begin{bmatrix}
a_{11} \\
a_{21} \\
a_{31} \\
a_{12} \\
a_{22} \\
a_{32} \\
a_{13} \\
…
3
votes
2
answers
1k
views
CNN - upsampling backprop gradients across average-pooling layer
"Derivation of backpropagation in convolutional neural network (cnn)." University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (2016). …