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Nov 16, 2017 at 19:23 comment added whuber @Benjamin, all orthogonal transformations are generated by reflections. The reflection that sends a point $p$ to a point $q$ is the reflection through the hyperplane that bisects line segment $pq$ perpendicularly. Equivalently, you can decompose any point $x$ into a component along vector $v=pq$ and a component perpendicular to it. All you have to do is negate the $pq$ component; equivalently, subtract twice the $pq$ component from $x$. That is what the last line of reflect does to each row of x.
Nov 16, 2017 at 17:31 comment added beangoben sorry, should have clarified that I meant orthogonal transformations that map one point to another. Was able to understand the arguments and code on sampling. But on the reflection transformation, was not clear where the formulas came from, also since I not so acostumed to R code. I have python code for the previous snippets that I intend to add to your answer once I verify they work.
Nov 16, 2017 at 15:27 comment added whuber @BenjaminSanchezLengeling Various threads discuss generating orthogonal transformations, such as stats.stackexchange.com/questions/215497. What "particular transformation" are you referring to here?
Nov 16, 2017 at 9:10 comment added beangoben Any sources on constructing orthogonal transformations? or where this particular transformation is from?
Oct 30, 2017 at 21:21 vote accept beangoben
Oct 29, 2017 at 20:36 history edited whuber CC BY-SA 3.0
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Oct 29, 2017 at 20:18 history answered whuber CC BY-SA 3.0