There is a simple geometric explanation. Try the following example in R and recall that the first principal component maximizes variance.

library(ggplot2)

n <- 400
z <- matrix(rnorm(n * 2), nrow = n, ncol = 2)
y <- sample(c(-1,1), size = n, replace = TRUE)

# PCA helps
df.good <- data.frame(
    y = as.factor(y), 
    x = z + tcrossprod(y, c(10, 0))
)
qplot(x.1, x.2, data = df.good, color = y) + coord_equal()

# PCA hurts
df.bad <- data.frame(
    y = as.factor(y), 
    x = z %*% diag(c(10, 1), 2, 2) + tcrossprod(y, c(0, 8))
)
qplot(x.1, x.2, data = df.bad, color = y) + coord_equal()

PCA Helps  

The direction of maximal variance is horizontal, and the classes are separated horizontally.

PCA Hurts  

The direction of maximal variance is horizontal, but the classes are separated vertically

There is a simple geometric explanation. Try the following example in R and recall that the first principal component maximizes variance.

library(ggplot2)

n <- 400
z <- matrix(rnorm(n * 2), nrow = n, ncol = 2)
y <- sample(c(-1,1), size = n, replace = TRUE)

# PCA helps
df.good <- data.frame(
    y = as.factor(y), 
    x = z + tcrossprod(y, c(10, 0))
)
qplot(x.1, x.2, data = df.good, color = y) + coord_equal()

# PCA hurts
df.bad <- data.frame(
    y = as.factor(y), 
    x = z %*% diag(c(10, 1), 2, 2) + tcrossprod(y, c(0, 8))
)
qplot(x.1, x.2, data = df.bad, color = y) + coord_equal()

PCA Helps 

The direction of maximal variance is horizontal, and the classes are separated horizontally.

PCA Hurts 

The direction of maximal variance is horizontal, but the classes are separated vertically