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Results for discontinuous improper scoring rule
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8 votes
1 answer
533 views

Are Brier and log-loss proper or strictly proper scoring rules?

But in his article Damage Caused by Classification Accuracy and Other Discontinuous Improper Accuracy Scoring Rules Dr Harrel refers to these two as just proper scoring rules: The two most commonly used … proper scoring rules are the quadratic error measure, i.e., mean squared error or Brier score, and the logarithmic scoring rule... …
Gabriel's user avatar
  • 4,362
9 votes

Cross-validation or bootstrapping to evaluate classification performance?

You need modifications to the bootstrap (.632, .632+) only because the original research used a discontinuous improper scoring rule (proportion classified correctly). … Improper scoring rules mislead you on the choice of features and their weights. In other words, everything that can go wrong will go wrong. For more see this. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
6 votes

Improving accuracy of a binary classification when the target is unbalanced

The proportion classified correctly is a discontinuous improper scoring rule. An improper scoring rule is one that is optimized by a bogus model. … With an improper scoring rule such things as addition of a highly important predictor making the model less accurate can happen. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
6 votes

Is a lower training accuracy possible in overfitting (one class SVM)

Proportion classified correctly is a discontinuous improper scoring rule that is optimized by a bogus model. I would not believe anything that you learn from it. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
13 votes

Test accuracy higher than training. How to interpret?

Third, you have chosen as an accuracy score a discontinuous improper scoring rule (proportion classified correctly). Such an improper scoring rule will lead to selection of the wrong model. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
3 votes

Cross validation with two parameters: elastic net case

If by error rate you mean the usual one (proportion classified correctly), this is a discontinuous improper scoring rule. An improper scoring rule is optimized by a bogus model. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
22 votes
2 answers
2k views

Academic reference on the drawbacks of accuracy, F1 score, sensitivity and/or specificity

The exact same issues also plague the F1 score (actually all Fβ scores), sensitivity, specificity and alternatives. Is there a standard academic article one can point to discussing these issues? … I have looked through Frank Harrell's "Damage Caused by Classification Accuracy and Other Discontinuous Improper Accuracy Scoring Rules". This kind of material is exactly what I am envisaging. …
Stephan Kolassa's user avatar
8 votes

Recall and precision in classification

Moving from continuous predictions, as used in computing ROC area (concordance probability; c-index) to a discontinuous improper scoring rule (forced-choice classification accuracy) results in all kinds … It is much better to make decisions on the basis of proper scoring rules (e.g., log-likelihood/deviance/logarithmic probability scoring rule; Brier score (quadratic probability accuracy score)). …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
3 votes

Likelihood ratio test disagrees with cross-validation results

The cross-validation measures you seem to be computing are discontinuous improper accuracy scores. … They are designed not to agree with proper scoring methods such as likelihood-based measures and the Brier score. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
2 votes
Accepted

Can't .632+ rule be computed for any kind of outcome and prediction score?

As Frank Harrell notes in this answer: You need modifications to the bootstrap (.632, .632+) only because the original research used a discontinuous improper scoring rule (proportion classified correctly … So I suppose that you could compute a .632+ score for other purposes, but there might not be much point. I suspect that accounts for any paucity of functions in R with respect to .632+ estimates. …
EdM's user avatar
  • 101k
1 vote

Low classification accuracy for statistically different features

The problem is that proportional 'classified' correctly is an arbitrary discontinuous improper accuracy scoring rule. Don't trust anything you learn from it. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
2 votes

Checking whether accuracy improvement is significant

I would highly discourage the use of any discontinuous improper scoring rule (an accuracy score such as sensitivity, specificity, proportion classified correct that when optimized results in a bogus model …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
1 vote

Is it valid to get better performance in logistic regression using only a subset of the coef...

This is a classic example of the harm caused by the use of a discontinuous improper scoring rule. … Sensitivity and specificity are also improper accuracy scores and are discussed at length in the Diagnosis chapter of the same notes. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
2 votes

Dealing with imbalanced data-set and cross-validation

The fact that you are bringing up the issue of balance means that you have not considered the fact that proportion "classified" "correctly" is a discontinuous improper accuracy scoring rule. … If you use a proper scoring rule (e.g., Brier score or pseudo $R^2$) the issue goes away. See this and this for more. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar
3 votes

Confidence interval for cross-validated classification accuracy

Classification error is both discontinuous and an improper scoring rule. It has low precision, and optimizing it selects on the wrong features and gives them the wrong weights. …
Frank Harrell's user avatar

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