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Estimating the long-term effects of treatments is of interest in many fields. A common challenge to this is that long-term outcomes are typically unobserved in the time frame needed to make policy decisions. Instead, we can analyze effects on an intermediate outcome, termed a “statistical surrogate.” For example, in the case of studies of the effect of cancer therapies on mortality, tumor size serves as a statistical surrogate for mortality rates.

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What's the difference between a "surrogate metric" and a "proxy metric"?

In most contexts I can think of surrogate and proxy are mutually interchangeable. … A correlated measure could be used as a proxy/surrogate, but if it is not, then it is just (possibly one of many) correlated measures. …
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